剑桥雅思8听力文本听写版

剑桥雅思8听力文本听写版内容摘要：

ext es historical geography, the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time。 and urban geography, an aspect I’m particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of cities, the services that those cities provide and migration of people to and from such cities. And lastly we have cartography, that’s the art and science of mapmaking, you’ll be doing a lot of that. So, to summarize before we continue, we now have a key answer, studying the subject is important because without geographical knowledge we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them. So, by definition, we wouldn’t be in any informed position to work out how to solve any of them. Ok, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do。 Well we collect data to begin with, you’ll be doing a lot of that in your first field trip. How do we do this? There are several means, we might, for example, conduct a census, count the population in a given area perhaps. We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of putergeneration technology or with the help of satellite relays. We’ve e a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal. After we‘ve gathered our information, we must analyze it. We need to look for patterns, most monly those of causes and consequences. This kind of information helps to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in But we don’t keep all this information confidential, we then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it. And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps. You’ll all have used one at some stage of your life already. Let’s consider the benefits of maps from a geographer’s perspective. Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they’re collected into an atlas. They can depict the physical features of the entire pla if necessary, or just a small part of it in much greater detail. But there is a drawback, you can’t exactly replicate something that is 3dimensional, like our pla, on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only 2 dimensions. And that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortion on the map. It can’t be avoided. We can also use aerial photographs. Pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth, these are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees, or how much traffic is on the roads at a given time, or information about deep sea beds for example. Then there are landsats. These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to puters at receiving stations. They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information. You’ll all be familiar with the information they give us about the weather for example. So what we are going to do now is to look at a short presentation in which you’ll see all… .. Test 2 Section 1 Good morning, total insurance, judy speaking, how may I help you I recently shipped my belongings from overseas back here in Australia, and I took out insurance with your pany, some items were damaged during the move, so I need to make a claim, what do I have to do? Ok, well, first I need to get a few details about this. Can you give me your name please Yes it’s Michael Alexander And your address please My old address or my current one Your current one It’s 24 manly street milperra Sydney What was the suburb sorry Milperra Who was the shipping agent You mean the pany we used Yes, the pany who packed everything up at the point of origin It was first class movers Where were the goods shipped from China, but the ship came via Singapore and was there for about a week Don’t worry, all of that information will be in the documentation. Now, the date, do you know when the ship arrived It left on the 11th of October, and got to Sydney on the 28th of November Ok, I need one more thing, there is a reference number, it should be in the top righthand corner of the pink form they gave you. Let me have a look, yes, here it is, it’s 601ACK I need to take down a few details of the actual damage over the phone before you put in a full report. Can you tell me how many items were damaged and what the damage was Yes, well, 4 things actually, I’ll start with the big things, my TV first of all, it’s a large one, very expensive Our insurance doesn’t cover electrical problems It isn’t an electrical problem, the screen has a huge crack in it, so it’s unusable. I see, any ideas of the price to repair it No, well I don’t think it can be repaired, it will need a new one. Ok, I’ll make a note of that and we’ll see what we can do Now what was the second item The cabi from the bathroom was damaged as well, it’s a lovely cabi, we used it to keep our towels in And what is the extent of the damage Well the back and the sides seem ok, but the door has a huge hole in it, it can’t be repaired, I’m really not very happy about it And how much do you think it will cost to replace it Well, when I bought it last year I paid 125 dollars for it, but the one I’ve seen here in Sydney is a bit more expensive, it’s 140 dollars Right, what was the third item My dinning room table, it’s a lovely table from Indonesia, it must have been very hot inside the container because one leg has pletely split down the middle, the top and the other 3 look ok, thank goodness Any ideas of the price to repair it Well I had an estimate don。