劳动与社会保障外文翻译

劳动与社会保障外文翻译内容摘要：

er, it will already have been allowed for in permanent ine。 the transitory ponent of ine is only the excess of the inheritance over this element of permanent ine. There reason why the receipt of the inheritance should make consumption in the final period d ifferent from that of preceding periods, except through inability to borrow in advance on the strength of the inheritance. But this implies that the receipt of the inheritance changes w (the ratio of wealth to ine) in ()。 it is therefore already taken into account in the hypothesis. There is no essential difference if the inheritance is unexpected. The effect of the inheritance is then to increase the permanent ine of the unit, and this will justify a higher consumption in the final period。 again the transitory ponent is only the excess of the windfall over this element of permanent ine, and it is no longer intuitively obvious that it should lead to an increase in current The second consideration is that just as there are instances in which one would expect a transitory increase in ine to produce a transitory increase in consumption, so also there are instances in which, one would expect the reverse. The simplest example is when a transitory increase in ine reduces opportunities for consumption as when it is obtained by working longer hours or going to a backward country. Such negative and positive correlations will tend to offset one another. The preceding remarks abstract from errors of measurement. Yet, as noted, in any statistical analysis errors of measurement will in general be indissolubly merged with the correctly measured transitory ponents. The effect on the correlation between statistically recorded transitory ponents of ine and consumption depends critically on how the statistical data are obtained. If ine and consumption are measured independently, the. errors of estimate might be expected to be independent as well and therefore to contribute toward a small or zero observed correlation between transitory ponents of ine and consumption. On the other hand, if consumption is estimated, as it frequently is, by measuring pendently savings and ine and subtracting the former from the latter, then measured consumption and measured ine have mon errors of measurement. This tends toward a positive observed correlation between transitory ponents of ine and consumption. The purpose of these remarks is not to demonstrate that a zero correlation is the only plausible assumption— neither evidence like that alluded to nor any other can justify such a conclusion. Its purpose is rather to show that mon observation 济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译 4 does not render it absurd to suppose that a hypothesis embodying a zero correlation can yield a fairly close approximation to observed consumer behavior. The assumption that the correlati。