办公自动化外文文献及译文

办公自动化外文文献及译文内容摘要：

ses to perform his or her job. The anization of one39。 s work has been considered a prerogative of the manager, although Stress man has challenged this view as a means of anization39。 s better managing its information flow. In effect, this latitude represents a standardization of the what of a manager39。 s work, but not of the how, the processes which produce this output. The flexibility of the manager39。 s choice of work processes allows for the development of work habits, which to the external observer may seem idiosyncratic. The tools used by the manager in drafting memos and reports— whether pencil and paper, pen and paper, dictation machine, or typewriter— are generally a personal choice rather than an anizational mandate. This flexibility has long allowed management (and professional staff) to choose to bring work home. During media transformations, secretarial staff may reformat information prepared by the manager to conform to the anization39。 s format, should one exist. For professionals, what tasks they perform, and how the tasks are to be performed are set out in codes of conduct which provide formal and informal guidelines. This is a means of external control in standardizing the process of anizational work. Professional workers also perform some tasks which are similar to those of managerial staff, ., supervising projects and people. These tasks may be controlled by the anization according to its standardization of output. In summary, differences in the control over task structure can be seen in professional, managerial, and clerical personnel. While managerial and clerical tasks have been largely the provinces of their anization— internally controlled— professional tasks involve the professional society39。 s standards of acceptability, and thus are externally controlled. In this 第 4 页 共 9 页 respect, the anization has relatively less control over the task structure and work processes for professional staff than for managerial and clerical staff. Office automation is designed to have an impact on the task structure, ., the process by which one performs an activity. These differences in task structure control raise the possibility of it being a mediating variable in office automation models。 differences in task structure control may lead to qualitative differences in office system designs. ComputerBased Information Systems Office automation includes a range of systems, including a variety of software and data. The bination may include databases which receive input from many anizational units and functional areas as well as personal databases. Some systems are designed to be used by many workers in a mandatory and specified manner as part of the job requirements and as a condition of employment. Other systems may be used to mechanize a task at the option of the user。 the user is also free to perform that task manually. Existing Systems with Required Use Management Information Systems (MIS) are a principal class of information system for modern anizations. MIS collects data for a database, manipulates it, and produces reports to a broad spectrum of managers concerned with decision making and accountability. Many data entry tasks are small ponents of larger MIS, with global databases spanning anization units and being continually updated. In order for the system to process information properly, data entry personnel。