新国强水泥有限公司质量手册(编辑修改稿)

新国强水泥有限公司质量手册(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

nt for this variation an analysis of variance method (ANOVA) is utilized. In addition, when the sample size increases, use of the range to estimate the variation in not very precise. Furthermore, with software packages readily available, the ANOVA method is a viable choice. The total variation in an individual measurement equals: The part to part variation is estimated by p2。 the operator variation is estimated by o2。 the interaction effect is estimated by op2。 while repeatability is estimated by r2 22222 rpoopt  Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis Source SS dF MS F*Part (P)2...)..()( YYtnPSS ip11)()(pPSSPMS)()(*POMSPMSF Operator (O)? 2...)..()( YYnpOSSjt11)()(tOSSOMS)()(*POMSOMSF Interaction (PO)? 2...).....()( YYYYnPOSSjiij(p1)(t1))1)(1()()(tpPOSSPOMSMSEPOMSF)(*Repeatability? ? 2.)( ijijkYYSSEpt(n1))1( nptSSEMSETotal? ? ? 2...)( YYSSTijknpt1Part: tnSnSPMSSp rop 222 )(  Operator: pnSnSOMSSo rop 222 )( Interaction: nSOPMSS op r22 )(  Repeatability: M SESr 2Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis Total: 22222 ropop SSSSSt The gage Ramp。 R statistics are then calculated as follows: 2222 ropo SSSS m s Measurement Error: Part: tnSnSPMSPV rop 22)(  Operator: pnSnSOMSOV rop 22)( Interaction: nSOPMSIV r2)(  Reproducibility: 22 IVOVAV Repeatability: M S EEV  Measurement Error: 22amp。 AVEVRR Total: 22 PVRRTV Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis 1. Acceptability Criteria: The gage repeatability and reproducibility: %Ramp。 R (P/P ratio: % total of total variance。 P/T ration:% total of tolerance): Less than 10% Outstanding 10% to 20% Capable 20% to 30% Marginally Capable Greater than 30% NOT CAPABLE For the P/P ratio and the P/T ratio, either or both approaches can be taken depending on the intended use of the measurement system and the desires of the customer. Generally, If the measurement system is only going to be use to inspect if the product meets the specs, then we should use the %Ramp。 R base on the tolerance (P/T ratio). If the measurement system is going to be use for process optimization /characterization analysis, then we should use the %Ramp。 R base on total variation (P/P ratio). Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis 1. Acceptability Criteria: For a Gage deemed to be INCAPABLE for it’s application. The team must review the design of the gage to improve it’s intended application and it’s ability to measure critical measurements correctly. Also, if a recalibration is required, please follow caliberation steps. If repeatability is large pared to reproducibility, the reasons might be: 1) the instrument needs maintenance, the gage should be redesigned 2) the location for gaging needs to be improved 3) there is excessive withinpart variation. If reproducibility is large pared to repeatability, then the possible causes could be: 1) inadequate training on the gage, 2) calibrations are not effective, 3) a fixture may be needed to help use the gage more consistently. Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis 1. The Measurement Bias: Using a certified sample, and a control chart of repeated measurements, the bias of a measurement process can be determined. Bias is the difference between the known value and the average of repeated measurement of the known sample. Bias is sometimes called accuracy. XK no w nB IA S Process Variation = 6 Sigma Range Percent Bias = BIAS Process Variation Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis 1. Linearity: Linearity of a measurement process is the difference in the bias or precision values through the expected operating range of the gauge. To evaluate linearity, a graph paring the bias or precision to the expected operating range is created. A problem with linearity exists if the graph exhibits different bias or precision for different expected operating ranges. By using the following procedure, linearity can be determined. 1) Select five parts whose measurements cover the operating range of the gage. 2) Verify the true measurements of each part. 3) Have each part be randomly measured 12 times on the gage by one operator. 4) Calculate the part average and the bias for each part. 5) Plot the bias and the reference values. 6) Calculate the linear regression line that best fits these points. Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis XaYbnXXnYXXYaxxXb ia sybaxyP a r t 22 )(v a lu e r e f er e n c e7) Calculate the goodness of fit statistic:     nYYnXXnYXXYR222222)()(Analysis Techniques: Variable Gage Analysis 8) Determine linearity and percent linearity: Linearity = Slope x Process variation(m) %Linearity = 100[linearity/Process Variation] The acceptability criteria of Bias, Linearity depend on Quality Control Plan, characteristic being measured and gage speciality, suggested criteria of ESG is as following: Under 5% acceptable 5% to 15% may be acceptable based upon importance of application, cost of measurement device, cost of repairs, etc., Over 15% Considered not acceptable every effort should be made to improve the system The stability is determined through the use of a control chart. It is important to note that, when using control charts, one must not only watch for points that fall outside of t。