谢孟媛初级英文文法讲义three

谢孟媛初级英文文法讲义three内容摘要：

spend so much money on clothes, can we? (我认为我们不能花太多钱在衣服上 , 是吧。 ) (9)感叹句用否定附加问句 , 主词仍与感叹句的主词一致。 例： 1. What a kind man he is, isn39。 t he? (他是多么善良的人 , 不是吗。 ) 2. How interesting this ic book is, isn39。 t it? (多有趣的漫画书 , 不是吗。 ) (10)祈使句的附加问句 祈使句 附加问句 肯定祈使句 will you? 否定祈使句 will you? 邀请祈使句 (Have?? ) won39。 t you? Let39。 s... shall we? Let us / me / him... will you? Let39。 s not... / Don39。 t let39。 s... all right / OK? 例： 1. Tell me what to do, will you? (告诉我该怎么办 , 好吗。 ) 2. Don39。 t turn off the light, will you? (别关灯 , 好吗。 ) 3. Have a cup of tea, won39。 t you? (喝杯茶 , 好吗。 ) 4. Let39。 s call it a day, shall we? (咱们今 天 就到此为止 , 好吗。 ) 5. Let us give you a hand, will you? (让我们帮你的忙 , 好吗。 ) 6. Let39。 s not talk in English, all right? (咱们不要用英语交谈 , 好吗。 ) Unit 3 被动语态 主动及被动 例： l. Tom repairs bikes. → 由 汤姆 的立场而言。 2. Bikes are repaired by Tom. → 由 脚踏车 的立场而言。 被动语态的形式 → 主词 + be V +过去分词 + by +行为者 ※ be 动词 +过去分词 ↓ ↓ 表 时态 表 被动 例： 1. The song is sung by Jolin. (这首歌由 Jolin 所唱。 ) ↓ ↓ 现在式 被动 2. I hear the song sung by Jolin. (我听到这首歌由 Jolin 所唱。 ) ↓ ↓ 现在式 被动 3. English and French are spoken in Canada. (加拿大说英语及法语。 ) ↓ 非行为者 , 介系词不用 by 主动及被动的转换 主词 动词 受词 主动 He praised Me. 被动 I was praised by him. ※由上例句得知 , 及物动词才有被动语态。 但有些 不及物动词 +介系词 可被视为及物动词 片语 , 所以仍可形成被动语态。 例： 1. I listen to music. (我听音乐。 ) 2. Something happened to Mark. (马克出事了。 ) 3. He takes care of the newer to the club. (他照顾社团里的新人。 ) → The newer to the club is taken care of by him. 时态的被动语态形式 (1)现在式的被动语态 → am / are / is +过去分词 例： Betty keeps five newborn cats at home. (贝蒂家里养着 5 只刚生下的猫咪。 ) → Five newborn cats are kept by Betty at home. (2)过去式的被动语态 → was / were +过去分词 例： l. They sold many kinds of child seats at the shop. (他们店里卖许多种类的儿童座椅。 ) → Many kinds of child seats were sold (by them) at the shop. 2. The police ran after the thief in the street. (警方人员在大街上追捕小偷 ) → The thief was run after by the police in the street. (3)现在进行式的被动语态 → am / are / is +being +过去分词 例： Workers are building the new shopping center. (工人们正在盖新的购物中心 ) → The new shopping center is being built by workers. (4)过去进行式的被动语态 → was / were +being +过去分词 例： Mr. Smith was printing the exam papers. (史密斯先生正在印考卷 ) → The exam papers were being printed by Mr. Smith. (5)未来式的被动语态 → W i l l b e b e g o i n g t o b e ???? ??? 过 去 分 词动 词 过 去 分 词 例： 1. They will hold the school sports in October. (十月份将举办学校运动会。 ) → The school sports will be held (by them) in October. 2. Our class are going to discuss the problem. (我们班上的同学将讨论这个问题。 ) → The problem is going to be discussed by our class. ※其它助动词 , 如： can, must, should… 等的被动语态形成方法 , 和未来式的被动一样。 例： Every one of us should follow school rules. (我们每一个人应该遵守校规。 ) → School rules should be followed by every one of us. (6)现在完成式的被动语态 → have/has +been +过去分词 例： The teacher has already punished the naughty boy. (老师已经处罚了那个顽皮的男孩。 ) → The naughty boy has already been punished by the teacher. 各句型的被动语态形式 (1)Yes / No 问句 → 即 be 动词或助动词为首的问句 例： l. Did Judy mess up my room? (我的房间被茱蒂弄乱的吗。 ) → Was my room messed up by Judy? 2. Must I take the cold medicine three times a day? (我必须一天吃三次这感冒药吗。 ) → Must the cold medicine be taken three times a day (by me)? (2)WH 问句 → 即疑问词为首的 问句 例： 1. What did he catch? (他抓到什么。 ) =What was caught by him? → The lion was. (是狮子。 ) 2. When did the boy break the window? (这男孩是什么时候打破窗户。 ) =When was the window broken by the boy? → It was broken yesterday afternoon. 3. What language is spoken in Spain? (西班牙说何种语言。 ) → Spanish is. (3)“ Who +动词 ” 的问句 → By whom +be 动词 +主词 +过去分词 ??。 例 ： Who bought the sweater?(谁买了这件毛衣。 )→ By whom was the sweater bought? (4)否定句 → b e n o tn o t b e? ? ? ??? ? ? ??主 词 动 词 过 去 分 词。 助 动 词 过 去 分 词。 例： 1. They don39。 t collect recyclable paper every day. (他们并非每天回收纸类。 ) → Recyclable paper isn39。 t be collected (by them) every day. 2. We can39。 t see a full moon tonight. (今晚我们无法看到满月。 ) → A full moon can39。 t be seen (by us) tonight. 特别注意的被动语态 (1) by+行为者之省略 → by 之后的行为者 , 若泛指一般人或未指明某人或含糊不清的某人时 , 则省略。 例： 1. Rice is grown in Taiwan. (台湾种稻。 ) 2. My uncle was killed in the war. (我叔叔死于战争。 ) 3. The novel was translated into many languages. (这小说被翻译成许多语言。 ) (2)不使用 by 的被动语态 例： l. Mr. Jackson is known to people in this town. (杰克森先生为此 镇 上的人所知。 ) ※ Taipei is known for its good foods. (台北以美食闻名。 ) She is known as a successful singer. (她以身为成功的歌手闻名。 ) 2. Those mountains are covered with snow. (那些山为白雪 所 覆盖。 ) 3. They were caug。