英英国文学名词解释

英英国文学名词解释内容摘要：

Augustan age can be extended back to Dryden and forward to include the work of Pope and Samuel Johnson。 in fact, to include all those English writers who shared the literary ideas of the reign of Anne. This period of English culture was indeed one in which there was an especially high admiration for the classical Augustan age, the age of Virgil, Horace, and Ovid, and for the standards of criticism prescribed by Horace in his Art of Poetry. [21] Elegy: it seeks for lament. It is a poem on death or on a serious loss。 characteristically a sustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation [22] Realism: A term used in literature and art to present life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes to an emphasis on sordid details. [23] Allegory: A story illustrating an idea or a moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meanings. In Dante Alighieri39。 s Divine Comedy, Dante, symbolizing mankind, is taken by Virgil the poet on a journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise in order to teach him the nature of sin and its punishments, and the way to salvation. [24] Characterization: The method a writer uses to reveal the personality of a character in a literary work: Methods may include (1) by what the character says about himself or herself。 (2) by what others reveal about the character。 and (3) by the character39。 s own actions. [25] Comedy: A literary work which is amusing and ends happily. Modern edies tend to be funny, while Shakespearean edies simply end well. Shakespearean edy also contains items such as misunderstandings and mistaken identity to heighten the ic effect. Comedies may contain lovers, those who interfere with lovers, and entertaining scoundrels. In modern Situation Comedies, characters are thrown into absurd situations and are forced to deal with those situations, all the while reciting clever lines for the amusement of a live or television or movie audience. [26] Conceit: A farfetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker pares two highly dissimilar things. In the following example from Act V of Shakespeare39。 s Richard II, the imprisoned King Richard pares his cell to the world in the following line: I have been studying how I may pare this prison where I live unto the world: [27] Euphemism: A mild word of phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or offensive. The word joint is a euphemism for the word prison. W. C. is a euphemism for bathroom. [28] Fable: A brief tale designed to illustrate a moral lesson. Often the characters are animals as in the fables of Aesop. [29] Free Verse: Unrhymed Poetry with lines of varying lengths, and containing no specific metrical pattern. [30] Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the Lake Poets because they lived in the lake district in the northwestern part of England. The three traversed the same path in politics and in poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives. [31] Naturalism: it first appeared in France, there naturalists including Zola turned especially to “slum life”, in England flourished in the 2nd half of 19th century。 naturalists argued that literature reflect life, be “true to life”, writer must reproduce in his writings life exactly as it is, (including all details without any selection), theory of “a slice of life”。 However, a fallacy, for impossible to include all the details in real life。 only give the appearance of life but not its essence. In England, two outstanding writers in the last decades: Gee Gissing, Gee Moore. [32] NeoRomanticism: it appeared at the end of 19th century and represented by Robert Louis Stevenson。 it protests against the ugly social reality of their day but taking no positive steps about it， in a sense another form of escapism。 dissatisfied with the contemporary reality, but at best a mild dissatisfaction。 tried to find interest or enjoyment out from sheer imagination and fancy by creating exciting events and romantic characters that can hardly exist in reality，indulge in the description of exciting adventures in distant lands to deal with the heroic, to lay emphasis on the plexity and sensationalism of the material, Treasure Island, the representative in this school. [33] Symbolism: Symbolism works under the surface to tie the story39。 s external action to the theme. It was often produced through allegory, giving the literal event and its allegorical counterpart a onetoone correspondence. William Butler Yeats (18651939), the wellknown symbolic poet (who studied Blake’s symbolism). . Eliot (18871965), poet, playwright, critic, an American, later a British citizen, important as the representative of modern symbolist—metaphysical school. The Waste Land, his representative. [34] Imagism: A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that advocated the use of free verse, mon speech patterns, and clear concrete images. In modern poetry, an AngloAmerican venture。 Ezra Pound, one of the founders, Hilde Doolittle, another one. (to be discussed in detail in American Lit) [35] Modernism: Around the two world wars, many writers and artists began to suspect and be discontent with the capitalism. They tried to find new ways to express their understa。