英文文献原文及译文--人工智能

英文文献原文及译文--人工智能内容摘要：

ollected room temperature and hope, and reaction temperature pared to open or close small heater, thus controlling environmental temperature. The importance of the study lies in the feedback loop Wiener: 5 all theoretically the intelligence activities are a result of feedback mechanism and feedback mechanism is. Can use machine. The findings of the simulation of early development of AI. 1955, Simon and end Newell called a logical experts program. This program is considered by many to be the first AI programs. It will each problem is expressed as a tree, then choose the model may be correct conclusion that a problem to solve. logic to the public and the AI expert research field effect makes it AI developing an important milestone in 1956, is considered to be the father of artificial intelligence of John McCarthy anized a society, will be a lot of interest machine intelligence experts and scholars together for a month. He asked them to Vermont Dartmouth in artificial intelligence research in summer. since then, this area was named artificial intelligence although Dartmouth learn not very successful, but it was the founder of the centralized and AI AI research for later laid a foundation. After the meeting of Dartmouth, AI research started seven years. Although the rapid development of field haven39。 t define some of the ideas, meeting has been reconsidered and Carnegie Mellon university. And MIT began to build AI research center is confronted with new challenges. Research needs to establish the: more effective to solve the problem of the system, such as logic in reducing search。 expert There is the establishment of the system can be self learning. In 1957, a new program general problemsolving machine first version was tested. This program is by the same logic experts group development. The GPS expanded Wiener feedback principle, can solve many mon problem. Two years later, IBM has established a grind investigate group Herbert AI. Gelerer spent three years to make a geometric theorem of solutions of the program. This achievement was a sensation. When more and more programs, McCarthy busy emerge in the history of an AI. 1958 McCarthy announced his new fruit: LISP until today still LISP language. In. mean LISP list processing , it quickly adopted for most AI developers. In 1963 MIT from the United States government got a pen is 22millions dollars funding for research funding. The machine auxiliary recognition from the defense advanced research program, have guaranteed in the technological progress on this plan ahead of the Soviet union. Attracted worldwide puter scientists, accelerate the pace of development of AI research. 6 Large program After years of program. It appeared a famous called SHRDLU. SHRDLU is the tiny part of the world project, including the world (for example, only limited quantity of geometrical form of research and programming). In the MIT leadership of Minsky Marvin by researchers found, facing the object, the small puter programs can solve the problem space and logic. Other as in the late 196039。 s STUDENT, can solve algebraic problems, SIR can understand the simple English sentence. These procedures for handling the language understanding and logic. In the 1970s another expert system. An expert system is a intelligent puter program system, and its internal contains a lot of certain areas of experience and knowledge with expert level, can use the human experts39。 knowledge and methods to solve the problems to deal with this problem domain. That is, the expert system is a specialized knowledge and experience of the program system. Progress is the expert system could predict under certain conditions, the probability of a solution for the puter already has. Great capacity, expert systems possible from the data of expert system. It is widely used in the market. Ten years, expert system used in stock, advance help doctors diagnose diseases, and determine the position of mineral instructions miners. All of this because of expert system of law and information storage capacity and bee possible. In the 1970s, a new method was used for many developing, famous as AI Minsky tectonic theory put forward David Marr. Another new theory of machine vision square, for example, how a pair of image by shadow, shape, color, texture and basic information border. Through the analysis of these images distinguish letter, can infer what might be the image in the same period. PROLOGE result is another language, in 1972. In the 1980s, the more rapid progress during the AI, and more to go into business. 1986, the AI related software and hardware sales $ billion dollars. Expert system for its ut。