测绘英文翻译

测绘英文翻译内容摘要：

re developed to satisfy individual user needs for mapping presentations. MapInfo developed by MapInfo Corp is an example of popular desktop mapping programs. Human resources used to operate a GIS typically include: operational staff, technical professional staff, and management personnel Operational staffers people such as (1) cartographers, who monitor the design of map displays, the standards for map symbols and standard map series, (2) data capturers, who converts map into digital form and (3) potential users of a GIS . Technical professional staff include (1) information analysts w ho solve particular user problems and satisfy their information needs, (2) system administrators, who are responsible for keeping the system (hardware/ software) operational , (3) programmers, who translate the application specifications prepared by the analyst into programs and (4) the database administrator, w ho assists the analysts, programmers and users to anize geographic features into layers, identify sources of data , develop coding structures for no graphics data, and document information about the contents of the databases . Management personnel include (1 ) the manager, who monitors the daily performance of the GIS project Implementation team and manages the output production as required by the anization and (2) the Quality Assurance Coordinator w ho manages the output of the final product to ensure that it meets the conversion specification and data acceptance plan. H o w a GIS Works: A GIS works by providing a way to capture or input data , store , retrieve and manage the data , manipulate and analyze the data , and finally a w ay of displaying that data as a map or as a document or both . Let’s take a closer look as each of these aspects of GIS. Data Input: All GIS data has to be in a digital form at so whether it’s a report, a photo, a map, or information gathered in the field , it has to be made digital . Obtaining geographic data to insert into a GIS is a large subject in which includes a number of different approaches. One of the most mon ways to collect spatial geographic data is to perform a physical survey. This includes surveying the land, underwater areas, and underground features of the earth (which are referred to as field survey, hydrographic survey and mining survey respectively) . Basic forms of data input include: (1) Typing: Reports, survey documents, population statistics, etc., al。