托福tpo31听力文本(word版)

托福tpo31听力文本(word版)内容摘要：

of society. I am thinking back now towhen I first started listening to rock amp roll and I remember my father saying it was abad influence on us. I think he would have gotten along well with Plato. Anyway I dont need to tell you what I think about Platos ideas aboutinnovation do l Though I have to say its interesting that the same argumentsagainst new music and art are still being made. Perhaps like the Greeks werecognize and maybe even fear the power of music. Lecture2Geology Movement of Tectonic Plates Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class Professor As weve discussed Earth’s crust is made up of large plates that rest on amantle of molten rock. These plates uh...now these tectonic plates support thecontinents and oceans. Over time the tectonic plates move and shift whichmoves the continents and the ocean floors too. Once it was understood howthese plates move it was possible to determine past movements of Earthscontinents and how these slow movements have reshaped Earths features atdifferent times. OK. Well as studying the movements of the plates can tell us about thelocation of the continents in the past it can conceivably tell us about theirlocation in the future too right So in recent years some geologists have usedplate tectonic theory to make what they call: Geopredictions. Geopredictionsare guesses about what Earths surface might look like millions of years from now. So we know how certain continents are currently moving. For example thecontinent of Africa has been creeping north toward Europe. And Australia hasbeen making its way north too toward Asia. Does anyone know whats happening to the Americas l...l think weve talkedabout that before. Lisa Student They are moving westward away from Europe and Africa. Right Professor Right. And what makes us think that Student The Atlantic Ocean floor is spreading and getting wider so there is moreoceans between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Professor OK. And why is it spreading Student Well the seafloor is slipt. There is a ridge a mountain range that runs north andsouth there. And the rock material flows up from Earths interior here at the splitwhich forces the two sides of the ocean floor to spread apart to make room forthe new rock material. Professor Good. And that means over the short term uh… and by short term I mean 50million years thats a blink of the eye in geological time. Um over the short termwe can predict that the Americas will continue to move westward farther awayfrom Europe while Africa and Australia will continue to move northward. But what about over the long term Say 250 million years or more. Well overthat length of time forecasts bee more uncertain. But lots of geologistspredict that eventually all the continents including Antarctica will merge andbee one giant land mass a super continent one researchers callingPangaea Ultima which more or less means the last super continent. Now how that might happen is open to some debate. Some geologistsbelieve that the Americas will continue to move westward and event。