tpo15听力文本共10页

tpo15听力文本共10页内容摘要：

I39。 m just not sure we can pare it with the industrial age. Geologists in the far future will be able t o examine the sediment being laid down today, whereas right now we can say that yes, human impact on the Earth is clear: It39。 ll be future researchers who have a better perspective and will be able to really draw a line between the Holocene and the Anthropocene epics. Conversation 2 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her biology . Professor Hi Samantha, how did your track meet go? Samantha Great! I placed first in one race and third in another. Professor Congratulations ! You must practice a lot. Samantha Three times a week preseason, but now that we ’ re peting every weekend, we practice 6 days a week from 3:30 till 5:00. Professor Athletics place a heavy demand on your time, don ’ t they? Samantha Yeah, but I really love peting, so … Professor You know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn ’ t always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you having a similar … Samantha No, I … I really do make time to study. A nd I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes. B ut I didn ’ t see the grade I expected on my midterm exam, which is why I came by. Professor Well, you didn39。 t do badly on the exam, but I agree it did not reflect your potential. I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary. I was so impressed with the way you handle the microscope and the samples of onion cells, and with how carefully you observed and diagramed and interpreted each stage of cell division. And I don39。 t think you could have done that if you hadn39。 t read and understood the chapter. I mean it seemed like you really had a good understanding of it. Samantha I thought so too, but I missed some questions about cell division on the exam Professor So what happened? Samantha I just sort of blanked out, I guess. I had a hard time remembering details. It was so frustrating. Professor Alright, let39。 s back up. You say you studied, where, at home? Samantha At my kitchen table actually . Professor And that39。 s supposed to be a quiet environment? Samantha Not exactly. My brother and parents try to keep it down when I am studying, but the phone pretty much rings off the hook, so … Professor So you might try a place with fewer distractions, like the library … Samantha But the library closes at midnight, and I like to study all night before a test, you know, so everything is fresh in my mind. I studied six straight hours the night before the midterm exam . T hat ’ s why I expected to do so much better. Professor Oh ok. Y ou know that studying six consecutive hours is not equivalent to studying one hour a day for six days. Samantha It isn ’ t? Professor No. There is research that shows that after about an hour of intense focus, your brain needs a break. It needs to, you know, shift gears a little. Your brain39。 s ability to absorb information starts to decline after about the first hour. So if you are dealing with a lot of new concepts and vocabulary, anyway, if you just reviewed your notes, even 20 minutes a day, it39。 d be much better than waiting until the night before an exam to try and absorb all those details . Samantha Oh, I didn39。 t realize . Professor Think of your brain as: a muscle. If you didn39。 t practice regularly with your track team, and then tried to squeeze in three weeks worth of running practice just the day before a track meet, how well do you think you39。 d perform in your races? Lecture 3 Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class . Professor: Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and the p r inting pres s, all books, all manual scripts were handmade. And the material typically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that stretched and dried under tension, so it bec o me s really fat and can be written on . During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to t hat, it was parchment . Parchment is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reus ed which came in handy since it was a costly material and in short supply. So it wasn ’ t unmon for the scribes or monks who produce the manual scripts . Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries . Well, the scribes often recycled the parchment that ’ d been used for earlier manual scripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote something new in its place A manual script page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest . Palimpsests were created, well, w e kn ow about two methods that were used for removing ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which pletely wiped out any writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle Ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink. But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact , it might rea pp ear to the extent that scholars could make out an even deci p her , the original text. Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes39。 palimpsest. Archimedes li v e d in G re ece aro。