自考英美文学复习资料汇编

自考英美文学复习资料汇编内容摘要：

e books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others。 ‖ 1).What does ―curiously‖ mean? 2) What does ―deputy‖ refer to? 3).From which essay does the above sentense e, what is the easy mainly about? Answer: 1).carefully, attentively 2).person appointed to act for another 3).This essay is from Bacon‘s ―of studies‖. In this essay, Bacon tries to discuss the use and abuse of studies, the proper and improper ways to pursue one‘s studies, and also the effect of the different kinds of studies upon human character. III. The Seventeenth Century I John Milton His major literary works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, all of which are based on the biblical legend. 记熟 Paradise Lost 选段及注释 例题： Give a brief ment on John Milton‘s Paradise Lost, and anaylze Satan, the hero in this poem. Answer: The poet points out at the beginning of the poem that the purpose of the epic is to ―assert eternal Providence and justify the ways of God to man.‖ However, the main idea of the poem shown by the image of Satan, is a revolt against the tyranny‘s authority. The defiant spirit of Satan simply shows the proud and sombre political passions of the persecuted revolutionaries after Restoration. In the image of the first two human beings, Adam and Eve, Milton shows his belief in the power of man, and the love between Adam and Eve voices Milton‘s own enthusiasm for humanistic elements. Though the purpose of this poem is, in Milton‘s words, to ― justify the ways of God to man‖, yet as Satan tries to justify himself by posing as a rebel against tyrnny, Milton apparently unconsciously makes the devil serves as his own mouthpiece. In this part Satan tells his followers never to submit, but to fight for the bright future. The fiery utterance of Satan to his followers exposes Satan as a revolutionary who is against depression and tyranny and longing for freedom, and shows Milton‘s intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of a bourgeois revolutionary. To Milton, the proud and sobre Saton represented the rebellious spirit against unjust authority. IV. The Age of Enlightenment 名词解释： 9 1. Enlightenment It prevailed the whole 18th century. Its aim was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners put great emphasis on reason, equlity and science. They insisted that reason should be the only and the final cause of any human thoughts and activities. They call for order, reason and rules. Moreover, they cherished universal education as an important means of enlightening human beings. They believed that human beings weere limited, imperfect, and yet capable of reason and perfection through education. 2． Sentimentalism: There were the writers and poets in 18th century who strove for something natural and spontaneous in thought and language. In their literature creation, emotions and sentiments began to play a leading part again. An interest in nature as well as natural relations between man and man was awaken in their literature creation. 3．简答题 What are the characteristics of Neoclassicism? Answer: 书上 P103。 4． Daniel Defoe (1) He is regarded by many as the first true novelist, and his Robinson Crusoe has a claim to be the first English novel. (2) The analysis of Robinson: Robinson represents the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stage of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit. He struggles hard against nature and makes her bend to his will. In describing Robinson‘s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labour. Labour saves Robinson from despair and is a source of pride and happiness. He toils for the sake of subsistence, and the fruits of his labour are his every voyage is connected with some mercial enterprise, eg: he labours for his own existence, but as soon as a native makes his appearance, Robinson assumes the role of a master. Here lies colonialism in germ. 5． Alexander Pope .―Essay on Criticism‖ is didactic deplores the depth of true taste among the critics of his time, and tells the poets and critics how to write and appreciate poetry according to the principles set up by the old Greek and Roman writers: go to nature, follow the ancient critics. The excerpt in our textbook is taken from the second part of the long poem ―Essay on Criticism‖. It demonstrates the danger of ―a little learning‖ and of the selfconceitedness of some people in learning and emphasizes the importance of learning intensively and extensively. 记熟该诗及注释。 例题： those attain‘d, we tremble to survey The growing labours of the lengthen‘d way, Th‘ increasing prospect tires our wand‘ring eyes, Hills peep o‘er hills, and Alps on Alps 1). Identify the poem and the poet. 2). What does ―survey‖ mean? 3). What does these lines imply? Answer: 1) Alexander Pope‘s. ―Essay on Criticism‖ 2).find 10 2) It demonstrates the danger of ―a little learning‖ and of the selfconceitedness of some people in learning and emphasizes the importance of learning intensively and extensively. V. The Romantic Period（ 这一章是重点章节，注意所选诗歌的注释及主题） features of Romantic ism 这一部分可能出论述题或简答题（论述题要答约 2 00 个字，简答题5080 个字）参见书上 P 17 11 74。 例题： How is Romanticism different from the Neoclassicism? Answ er : 先论述 Rom an t ic ism 的特点 P1 71 17 4 ，然后论述Neoc lassic ism 特点 P1 03 10 5。 I) Robert Burns 记熟 ―Red red rose‖ 例题（诗歌这种形式出这样的题比较多）： ―Till a‘ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi‘ the sun! And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o‘life shall run.‖ (1) Identify the poem and the poet. (2) Interpret the meaning of this stanza. (3) From the characteristics of this stanza, we can deduce which period it belongs to. Answer: (1) Burns‘ ―A Red, Red Rose‖ (2) The theme of it is permanent love,。