新概念英语第四册最难的几篇课文祥注

新概念英语第四册最难的几篇课文祥注内容摘要：

imple petition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical. Our environment is chiefly conditioned by the things we believe. Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources. Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants. This is the point I wish to emphasize. The most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds. 注释： essentially：本质上，基本上 bits of： 小块的 ，少量的 mental outlook：世界观 语法： ☆ because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical 后面省略了 enviroment 6 译文： 不过，我们当中人与人、 群体 与 群体 的竞争任然在持续，而且同以往一样激烈。 但人与人的竞争不像生物学中所看到的过程那么简单。 它不是为 取得自然环境中一定量的食物而进行的简单竞争，因为决定我们进化的环境 基本 上 已不再是自然环境。 我们的环境主要是由我们所相信的事物所制约。 摩洛哥和加州 这两块土地 纬度极为相近，都位于气候相似的大陆的西海岸，甚至连自然资源也十分相似，然而它们目前的发展却完全不同，这不全是因为人的不同，而是因为存在于其居民头脑中的思想不同。 这就是我要强调的观点。 我们的环境作重要因素是我们自身的思想状态。 It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture the most destructive effects have e not from physical weapons but from ideas. Ideas are dangerous. The Holy office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by. Indeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modem society because when you are inside a munity you are conditioned by the conventions of the munity to such a degree that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive. It is only someone looking on from outside that can inject the dangerous thoughts. I do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would utterly destroy us. I would like to give you an example, but fortunately I cannot do so. Perhaps it will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb. Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed. Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history. It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the presentday world upside down, or even destroying it. I have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain, but of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the presentday world, just as all of you are. We cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, to be more accurate, we can think only a very little way outside, and then only if we are very original. 注释： cause=make in days gone by：在过去的日子里 in days to e：在未来的日子里 look on：观望 the effect on：对 … 的影响 reasonably： very well， considerably：相当地，非常地 turn…upside down ：把 … 完全翻个个，完全颠倒 … . Be conditioned by/to：受 … 制约 语法： ☆ It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture the most destructive effects have e not from physical weapons but from ideas. Ideas are where 引导的从句，可以改为用 if 引导。 在引文中 where 引导的从句有时可以改为用 if 引导。 如： where there is a will， there is a way= if there is a will， there is a way 有志者事竟成 ☆ Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be imagine… 引导的是一个祈使句， one 代指society， one that still does not possess the bomb 作 society 的同位语，而 of making it aware of the possibility 和 of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be effect 的后置定语。 ☆ It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one 是省略句，原句为 It is a strange thought, but I believe it is a correct one ☆ we can think only a very little way outside, and then only if we are very ： 我们只能略微超越一些进行思考，而且我们还得具有非凡独创性才行。 Only if… ：只有 … 译文： 人们都知道，在白人入侵原始文化之处，最具毁灭性的后果不是来自有形的武器而是来自思想。 思想是很危险的。 宗教法庭深知这一点，因此它从来主张将异教徒烧死。 言论自由之所以只存在于现代社会，是因为身居社团中的你受其习俗 制约 之深，以致极难构想出真正具有毁灭力的东西。 只有旁观者才能注入危险的思想。 我相信有可能给现代社会注入终将把人类毁灭掉的思想。 我 很愿意 举一个例子给你瞧瞧，幸亏我不能这样做。 7 或许提及核弹就已足够。 设想有那么一 个任未拥有原子弹的、技术上相当先进的社会，如果让它知道这种可能性并为其制造提供 足够的细节，其后果会是怎样。 在 1925 年前后只要向任何一个列强提交 20 或 30 页的资料就足以改变世界历史的进程。 这是一种古怪的想法，但我相信其正确性，就是说 20 或 30 页的思想和资料能把现今的世界来个兜底翻，甚至把它摧毁。 我常在想象这些页里可能包含些什么内容，但我当然做不到这一点，因为我是当今世界的囚犯，就像你们大家一样，我们不能超越制约我们大脑的特定模式去进行思考，或者更准确地说， 我们只能略微超越一些进行思考，而且我们还得具有非凡 独创性才行。 词组： Nuclear power：核大国； 核能 ， 核动力 Lesson 58 Painting as a Pastime A gifted American psychologist has said, 39。 Worry is a spasm of the emotion。 the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.39。 It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins. 注释 ： the mind： the person will：意志 let him rot：任其自生自灭 语法 ： ☆ The stronger the will, the more futile the task 省略句，完整的句子是： The stronger the will is, the more futile the task is，其中， the task 代指前面的 argue with the mind。  One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp 中 its 代指 mind（ 思维 ）， grasp：抓住不放 ☆ if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest 中， it 代指 this something else， attend：辅助，可以译为：如果这个别的什么东西通过别 一个 领域兴趣 的启迪 而得到辅助 译文 ： 一位天才的美国心理学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。 ”在这种情况下，你又和头脑争吵让它松手是无济 于事的。 这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。 你只能缓和而巧纱地让。