托福ibttpo1-15综合写作参考范文

托福ibttpo1-15综合写作参考范文内容摘要：

onial purposes but instead were discarded by construction workers upon pletion of the great houses. TPO 6： The lecturer addresses each of the three criticisms of munal online encyclopedias mentioned in the Reading passage. The lecturer admits that munal online encyclopedias, like any reference book, may contain errors, but she claims that these errors can be corrected much more easily and quickly than those printed in a paper encyclopedia. The Reading passage, in contrast, points to the inaccuracy of information in online encyclopedias, presenting the argument that errors in these resources are due to lack of professional knowledge among contributors. The lecturer then gives two strategies that have been proven very effective in protecting online encyclopedias from malic ious alteration. She explains that contents that consist of indisputable facts are stored and presented in a readonly format so that nobody can make changes to them. In addition, she says, there are specialists who constantly monitor contents online so that they can quickly remove a suspicious change once it is detected. The lecturer also challenges the final point in the reading regarding the nature of topics covered in online encyclopedias. She says that because of virtually unlimited space on the Inter. there is no need to worry about what is important enough for inclusion in an online encyclopedia. Moreover, the greater variety of topics in online encyclopedias more truly reflects the genuine interests of the general public, even if some of these topics are less serious or academic than those in traditional encyclopedias. TPO 7： The lecture and the reading passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of ecocertification, a form of accreditation conferred by on international agency in recognition of a pany39。 s ecofriendly practices. The passage explains that it is not necessary for American wood panies to pursue ecocertification while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view. First, the lecturer argues that the reading passage is too general in its statement that American consumers reject advertising pletely. He asserts that Americans do not trust advertising claims for a product only when these claims are made by the pany that sells the product. When a claim is made by an independent third party such as a wood certification pany, he posits, consumers respond very positively with strong acceptance of the certified product. The lecturer also refutes the second point in the reading that pricesensitive American consumers are likely to choose cheap wood products without certification. The professor contends that certified wood is only slightly (less than 5%) more expensive than uncertified wood, and therefore, he argues, consumers will tend to ignore the price difference and choose the ecofriendly product. Finally, receiving ecocertification is, according to the professor, an important strategy used by American wood panies to ensure that their products can pete against ecocertified wood products imported into the domestic market from foreign countries. According to the reading, however, this strategy is unnecessary because American consumers are likely to be content with domestically manufactured products, even if they are not ecocertified. TPO 8： The Reading passage raises several doubts about the accuracy of the memoir written by the Chevalier de Seingalt, whereas the professor defends the memoir in the lecture by clarifying the seeming contradictions in the Chevalier39。 s accounts. The professor argues that because the Chevalier was rich in assets but poor in cash while he was living in Switzerland, he occasionally had to borrow funds to pay for expensive recreational activities. According to the professor, having low amounts of cash is not the same as being financially poor. The reading, however, holds that as someone who had to borrow large amounts of money from others, the Chevalier must have fabricated stories of his wealthy life in Switzerland. Moreover, the professor challenges the skepticism expressed in the reading regarding the reliability of the conversations with vottaire that the Chevalier recorded in his memoir. She explains that because the Chevalier had a habit of recording each conversation with Voltaire immediately after they met, he was able to recall those discussions in detail even years later. Finally the professor rejects the claim in the reading that the Chevalier bribed his way out of a prison in Venice. She says that the pact that none of the other prisoners, even those with better resources, had been able to do so shows that bribery was unlikely. Furthermore, she points to a government paper that recorded the repair work done to the Chevalier39。 s prison cell, citing this as strong evidence that the account of his escape from the prison was indeed accurate. TPO 9： The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogenbased fuelcell engines。