建设工程技术与计量(土建工程部分)20xx年

建设工程技术与计量(土建工程部分)20xx年内容摘要：

冭檻鎶 €鏈按骞冲拰鏂藉伐鑳藉姏 E 锛庡簲鑰冭檻寤鸿 璐圭敤鍜屽煄甯備汉鍙ｆ暟閲 ?br 65 銆佹櫘閫氫綆鍚堥噾缁撴瀯閽ㄪ叿鏈夌殑鐗圭偣鍖呮嫭 ( )銆 ?br A 锛庡己搴﹁緝楂 ? B 锛庢姉鍐插嚮鎬 у己 C 锛庝娇鐢ㄥ 鍛介暱 D 锛庝笉鏄 撳姞宸ュ拰鏂藉伐 E 锛庤 €愪綆娓 ╂ €уソ 66 銆佹彁楂橀槻姘存贩鍑濆湡瀵嗗疄搴︾殑鍏蜂綋鎶 €鏈 帾鏂藉寘鎷 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庤皟鏁存贩鍑濆湡鐨勯厤鍚堟瘮 B 锛庢幒鍏ラ €傞噺鍑忔按鍓 ?br C 锛庢幒鍏ラ €傞噺寮曟皵鍓 ? D 锛庨 €夌敤鑶ㄨ儉姘存偿 E 锛庨噰鐢ㄧ儹鍏绘姢鏂规硶杩涜 鍏绘姢 67 銆佷负浜嗕繚璇佸～鍦熷帇瀹炵殑鏁堟灉锛屾柦宸ユ椂搴旇 閲囧彇鐨勬帾鏂藉寘鎷 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庣敱涓嬭嚦涓婂垎灞傞摵濉 佸垎灞傚帇瀹 ?br B 锛庡湪濉 柟鏃舵寜璁捐 瑕佹眰棰勭暀娌夐檷閲 ?br C 锛庡皢閫忔按鎬 ц緝澶 х殑鍦熸斁鍦ㄤ笅灞傦紝閫忔按鎬 ц緝灏忕殑鍦熸斁鍦ㄤ笂灞 ?br D 锛庡皢涓嶅悓绉嶇被鐨勫～鏂欐贩鍚堟媽鍖 €鍚庡垎灞傚～绛 ?br E 锛庡悎鐞嗙 ‘瀹氬垎灞傚帤搴﹀強鍘嬪疄閬嶆暟 68 銆佷笌棰勫埗妗 ╃ 浉姣旓紝鐏屾敞妗 ╃ 殑浼樼偣鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庤妭鐪佹潗鏂欍 €侀檷浣庢垚鏈 ? B 锛庡彲娑堥櫎鎵撴〄瀵归偦杩戝缓绛戠殑鏈夊 褰卞搷 C 锛庢〄韬 川閲忓ソ銆佹壙杞藉姏楂 ? D 锛庢湁鍒 ╀ 簬鍦ㄥ 啲瀛ｆ柦宸 ?br E 锛庢柦宸ュ伐鏈熸槑鏄剧缉鐭 ?br 69 銆佷负浜嗛槻姝ㄪぇ浣撶 Н娣峰嚌鍦熺粨鏋勬祰绛戝悗浜 х敓娓 ╁ 害瑁傜紳锛岄噰鍙栫殑鍏蜂綋鎺 柦鍖呮嫭 ( )銆 ?br A 锛庡噺灏戞按娉ョ敤閲 ? B 锛庢幒鍏ラ €傞噺鐨勭矇鐓ょ伆 C 锛庡姞蹇 祰绛戦 €熷害 D 锛庨 €夋嫨鍚堢悊鐨勬祰绛戞柟妗 ?br E 锛庤繘琛屼汉宸ラ檷娓 ?br 70 銆佸悗寮犳硶棰勫簲鍔涙贩鍑濆湡宸ョ ▼鏂藉伐涓 紝甯歌 鐨勯 搴斿姏鎹熷け鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庡彴搴 у彉褰 佸 €捐 鍜 屾粦绉诲紩璧风殑棰勫簲鍔涙崯澶 ?br B 锛庡吇鎶よ繃绋嬩腑寮曡捣鐨勬俯宸 搴斿姏鎹熷け C 锛庨 搴斿姏绛嬩笌棰勭暀瀛斿 鎽 ╂ 摝寮曡捣鐨勯 搴斿姏鎹熷け D 锛庡钩鍗 у彔灞傛祰绛戜笂涓嬫瀯浠朵箣闂寸殑鎽 ╂ 摝鍔涘紩璧风殑棰勫簲鍔涙崯澶 ?br E 锛庡垎鎵瑰紶鎷夐 搴斿姏绛嬫椂锛岀敱浜庢贩鍑濆湡澶氭 琚帇缂 ╁ 紩璧风殑棰勫簲鍔涙崯澶 ?br 71 銆佽矾鍩虹煶鏂规繁瀛旂垎鐮村嚳瀛旀椂锛岄 €氬父閫夌敤鐨勯捇鏈烘湁 ( )銆 ?br A 锛庢墜椋庨捇 B 锛庡洖杞 紡閽绘満 C 锛庡啿鍑诲紡閽绘満 D 锛庢綔瀛旈捇鏈 ? E 锛庡湴璐ㄩ捇鏈 ?br 72 銆佸湴涓嬪湡灞傞噰鐢ㄧ浘鏋勬満鏆楁寲闅 ч亾鏃讹紝鐩炬瀯鏈虹殑鎺ㄨ繘鏈虹郴缁熶竴鑸 寘鎷 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庢棆娴佸櫒 B 锛庡崈鏂ら〇 C 锛庣數鍔ㄦ満 D 锛庢恫鍘嬭 澶 ? E 锛庤灪鏃嬭緭閫佹満 73 銆佷负浜嗕究浜庣粍缁囩 鐞嗐 €佸疄鐜拌繛缁 潎琛 ℃ 柦宸ワ紝灏藉彲鑳藉皢娴佹按鏂藉伐缁勭粐鎴愮瓑鑺傚 娴佹按锛屽父閲囩敤鎺 柦鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庤皟鏁存柦宸ユ 鏁板拰鍚勬柦宸ユ 鐨 勫伐浣滈潰澶 у皬 B 锛庡敖鍙 兘鍒嗚 В鑰楁椂闀跨殑鏂藉伐杩囩 ▼ C 锛庡敖鍙 兘鍚堝苟鎶 €鏈 笂鍙 鎺ョ殑鐭 柦宸ヨ繃绋 ?br D 锛庤皟鏁村悇涓撲笟闃熺殑浜烘暟鍜屾満姊版暟閲 ?br E 锛庤皟鏁村悇娴佹按姝ヨ窛 74 銆佸弻浠ｅ彿缃戠粶璁 ″垝涓 敤铏氱 绾胯〃绀鸿櫄宸ヤ綔鐨勭洰鐨勫湪浜庢纭 〃杈剧浉鍏冲伐浣滅殑閫昏緫鍏崇郴锛屽叿浣撹〃鐜板湪閫氳繃铏氱 绾垮疄鐜 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庢柇寮 €鏌愪簺鍓嶅悗宸ヤ綔鐨勫埗绾﹀叧绯 ? B 锛庡紩鍏ユ煇浜涘墠鍚庡伐浣滅殑鍒剁害鍏 崇郴 C 锛庢槑纭 煇浜涘伐浣滅殑鏃堕棿鍙傛暟 D 锛庝紶閫掑墠鍚庣浉鍏冲伐浣滅殑鏃堕棿鍙傛暟 E 锛庢敼鍙樻煇浜涚浉鍏冲伐浣滅殑鍏堝悗椤哄簭 75 銆佽繘琛屽伐绋嬫柦宸ョ粍缁囨 €昏 璁＄殑鎶 €鏈 粡娴庡畾閲忓垎鏋愭椂锛屽簲璁＄畻鐨勪富瑕佹寚鏍囨湁 ( )銆 ?br A 锛庢柦宸ュ懆鏈 ? B 锛庤川閲忔垚鏈 ?br C 锛庨檷浣庢垚鏈 巼 D 锛庝复鏃跺伐绋嬭垂鐢ㄦ瘮渚 ?br E 锛庤妭绾︿笁澶 ф潗鐧惧垎姣 ?br 76 銆佹柦宸ユ柟娉曞拰鏂藉伐鏈烘 鐨勯 €夋 嫨鏄 崟浣嶅伐绋嬫柦宸ユ柟妗堢紪鍒剁殑閲嶈 鍐呭 銆傞 €夋嫨鏂藉伐鏂规硶涓嶄粎瑕佹敞鎰忓湡鐭虫柟宸ョ ▼銆佹贩鍑濆湡鍙婇挗绛嬫贩鍑濆湡宸ョ ▼绛変富瑕侀」鐩 紝杩樿 娉ㄦ剰鏌愪簺鐗规畩椤圭洰锛屽 )銆 ?br A 锛庨珮鑰搞 €佸ぇ璺ㄥ害銆侀噸鏋勪欢椤圭洰 B 锛庢柊宸ヨ壓銆佹柊鏉愭枡銆佹柊鎶 €鏈 佹柊缁撴瀯椤圭洰 C 锛庨槻鐏 槻鐖嗛」鐩 ? D 锛庤緝寮卞湴鍩洪」鐩 ?br E 锛庢繁鍩虹椤圭洰 77 銆佷笅鍒楀悇椤逛腑锛屽彧鑳芥寜鍏舵姇褰遍潰绉 竴鍗婅 绠楀缓绛戦潰绉殑鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庢棤鍥存姢缁撴瀯鐨勫嚬闃冲彴銆佹寫闃冲彴 B 锛庡鎸 ?.5m鐨勬湁鐩栨棤鏌辫蛋寤娿 €佹獝寤 ?br C 锛庡崟鎺掓煴鐨勮溅妫氥 €佽揣妫 ? D 锛庢寫鍑哄 澶栧 搴 ?.5m浠ヤ笂鐨勯洦绡 ?br E 锛庣嫭绔嬫煴鐨勯洦绡 ?br 78 銆佹牴鎹 婂缓璁惧伐绋嬪伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁 ′环瑙勮寖銆嬬殑鏈夊叧瑙勫畾锛屼笅鍒楅」鐩 伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁＄畻鏃讹紝浠 3 涓鸿 閲忓崟浣嶇殑鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庨 瑁傜垎鐮 ? B 锛庣爾鐮屾暎姘 ? C 锛庣爾鐮屽湴娌 ? D 锛庣煶鍧￠亾 E 锛庣幇娴囨贩鍑濆湡妤兼 79 銆佹牴鎹 婂缓璁惧伐绋嬪伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁 ′环瑙勮寖銆嬬殑鏈夊叧瑙勫畾锛屼笅鍒楅」鐩 伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁＄畻鏃讹紝浠 3 涓鸿 閲忓崟浣嶇殑鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庨 鍒舵贩鍑濆湡妤兼 B 锛庣幇娴囨贩鍑濆湡妤兼 C 锛庣幇娴囨贩鍑濆湡闆ㄧ D 锛庣幇娴囨贩鍑濆湡鍧￠亾 E 锛庣幇娴囨贩鍑濆湡鍦版矡 80 銆佹牴鎹 婂缓璁惧伐绋嬪伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁 ′环瑙勮寖銆嬬殑鏈夊叧瑙勫畾锛 屼笅鍒楅」鐩 伐绋嬮噺娓呭崟璁＄畻鏃讹紝浠 2 涓鸿 閲忓崟浣嶇殑鏈 ? )銆 ?br A 锛庨棬绐楁补婕 ? B 锛庢湪鎵舵墜娌规紗 C 锛庡 鏌滄补婕 ? D 锛庢殩姘旂僵娌规紗 E 锛庣獥甯樼洅娌规紗 绛旀 涓 €銆佸崟椤归 €夋嫨棰 ?/b 1 銆丆 灞嬬洊缁撴瀯鍖呮嫭灞嬮潰鏉裤 €佸眿鏋 ?鎴栧眿闈ㄫ 鍙婂ぉ绐楁灦銆佹墭鏋剁瓑锛屽眿鏋 ?灞嬮潰姊 ?鏄 眿鐩栫粨鏋勭殑涓昏 鎵块噸鏋勪欢銆 ?br2 銆丆 鈥滄墦妗 ╂ 硶銆佹繁灞傛悈鎷屾硶銆佸寲瀛﹀ 鐞嗘硶鈥濆潎闇 €娑堣 €楀缓绛戞潗鏂 欙紝鈥滃帇瀹炴硶鈥濇槸鍊熺敤澶栧姏鐩存帴鍦ㄥ湴鍩轰笂鍘嬪疄锛屾棤闇 €娑堣 €楀缓绛戞潗鏂欍 €?br3銆丅 浠庡 澶栬 璁 ″湴闈ㄪ埌鍩虹 搴曢潰鐨勫瀭鐩磋窛绂荤 О鍩虹 鐨勫煁娣便 €傚缓绛戠墿涓婇儴鑽疯浇鐨勫ぇ灏忥紝鍦板熀鍦熻川鐨勫ソ鍧忥紝鍦颁笅姘翠綅鐨勯珮浣庯紝鍦熷￥鍐板喕鐨勬繁搴︿互鍙婃柊鏃 у缓绛戠墿鐨勭浉閭讳氦鎺ョ瓑锛岄兘灏嗗奖鍝嶅熀纭 €鐨勫煁娣便 €?br4銆丅 涓轰簡闃叉 鍗锋潗灞嬮潰闃叉按灞傚嚭鐜伴緹瑁傦紝搴旈噰鍙栫殑鎺 柦锛 ?1)鍦ㄥ眿闈ㄬ粨鏋勫眰涓婄殑鎵惧钩灞傝 缃 殧姹藉眰锛 ?2)鍦ㄥ眿闈 繚 娓 ╁ 眰鍐呰 鎺掓苯閫氶亾锛屽苟浣块 €氶亾寮 €鍙ｉ湶鍑哄眿闈ㄮ槻姘村眰銆 ?br5 銆丄 鐐庣儹澶氶洦鍦板尯閫夌敤鐨勬秱鏂欏簲鍏锋湁杈冨ソ鐨勮 €愭按鎬 с€佽 €愰珮娓╂ €с€佹姉闇夋 €с€傚瘨鍐峰湴鍖哄垯瀵规秱鏂欑殑鎶楀喕鎬 姹傝緝楂樸 €?br6銆丏 宸ヤ笟鍖栧缓绛戠殑棰勫埗瑁呴厤寮忓缓绛戠被鍨嬩腑锛岃 閰嶅寲绋嬪害鏈 €楂樼殑鏄 洅瀛愮粨鏋勶紝鏄 互鈥滈棿鈥濅负鍗曚綅杩涜 棰勫埗锛屽垎涓哄叚闈 綋銆佷簲闈 綋銆佸洓闈 綋鐩掑瓙銆 ?br7 銆丄 楂橀 €熷叕璺 佷竴绾 у叕璺 播闈掕矾闈ㄪ簲閲囩敤娌ラ潚娣峰嚌鍦熸 垨姘存偿娣峰嚌鍦熸贩鍚堟枡闈ㄪ眰銆 ?br8 銆丆 璺 潰缁撴瀯涓 殑鍩哄眰鏉愭枡蹇呴』鍏锋湁瓒冲 鐨勫己搴︺ €佽壇濂界殑姘寸 ǔ鎬 у拰鎵 ╂ 暎鑽疯浇鐨勬 €ц兘銆 ?br9 銆丅 閽ㄬ瓔娣峰嚌鍦熺 褰ㄬ畝鏀 妗ヤ富瑕佺敤浜庨 搴斿姏娣峰嚌鍦熸 妗ワ紝灏ゅ叾閫傜敤浜庢 ˉ闈ㄭ緝瀹界殑棰勫簲鍔涙贩鍑濆湡妗ユ 缁撴瀯鍜岃法搴﹁緝澶 х殑鏂滀氦妗ュ拰寮 銆 ?br10 銆丅 鍩庡競鍦颁笅璐 簱鐨勫竷缃 簲澶勭悊濂戒笌浜ら €氱殑鍏崇郴锛屽 灏忓煄甯傜殑鍦颁笅璐 簱甯冪疆璧峰喅瀹氫綔鐢ㄧ殑鏄 澶栬繍杈撹 澶 ?濡傝溅绔欍€佺爜澶 ?鐨勪綅缃 銆丏 璁＄畻鏁ｇ矑鏉愭枡鐨勫爢绉 瘑搴︽椂锛屽叾鑷 劧鍫嗙 Н浣撶 Н鏃ㄪ寘鍚簡棰楃矑鑷 劧鐘舵 €佷笅浣撶 Н锛屽張鍖呭惈浜嗛 绮掍箣闂寸殑绌洪殭浣撶 Н銆 ?br12 銆丄 杞昏川鏉愭枡 (濡傛捣缁点 €佸 鏂欐场娌 瓑 )锛屽彲鍚告敹姘村垎鐨勮川閲忚繙澶 т簬骞茬嚗鏉愭枡鐨勮川閲忥紝鍏跺惛姘寸巼涓 €鑸 鐢ㄤ綋绉 惛姘寸巼鏉ヨ〃绀恒 €?br13銆丅 姘存偿鐨勭粓鍑濇椂闂达紝鎸囩殑鏄 粠姘存偿鍔犳按鎷屽拰璧疯嚦姘存偿娴嗗畬鍏ㄥけ鍘诲 鎬 у苟寮 €濮嬩骇鐢熷己搴︽墍闇 €鐨勬椂闂淬 €?br14銆丄 鐒婃帴鏉愭枡涓 殑缁撴瀯閽ㄬ數鐒婃潯鐢ㄩ噺鏈 €澶 э紝涓昏 鐢ㄦ潵鐒婃帴纰崇礌閽 佹櫘閫氫綆鍚堥噾閽ㄪ拰閾搁挗銆傞摳閾佺數鐒婃潯閫傜敤浜庣剨鎺ュ悇绉嶉摳閾佹柦鐒婄墿锛屽 鐞冨 ⅷ 閾搁搧銆佸彲閿婚摳閾併 €佺伆鍙ｉ摳閾佺瓑銆 ?br15 銆丏 寤虹瓚鐭宠啅鍏锋湁鑹茬櫧璐ㄨ交锛屽嚌缁撶 ‖鍖栧揩锛屽井鑶ㄨ儉鎬 э紝澶氬瓟鎬 э紝闃茬伀鎬 ц兘鑹 ソ锛岃 €愭按鎬 с€佹姉鍐绘 €у樊绛夋妧鏈 川銆 ?br16 銆丆 娴嬪畾宀 ╃ 煶鎶楀帇寮哄害鐨勮瘯浠跺昂瀵镐负 50mm脳 50mm脳 50mm鐨勭珛鏂逛綋銆傛寜鍚告按楗卞拰鐘舵 €佷笅鐨 勬姉鍘嬫瀬闄愬己搴﹀钩鍧囧 €硷紝澶 ╃劧鐭虫潗鐨勫己搴︾瓑绾 у垎涓篗 U100 銆丮 U80 銆丮 U60 銆 ?MU50 銆丮 U40 銆丮 U30 銆丮 U20 銆丮 U15 銆丮 U10 绛変節涓 瓑绾 с€?br17銆丆 鐮栨牴鎹 昂瀵稿亸宸 拰澶栬 灏嗗叾鍒嗕负浼樼瓑鍝併 €佷竴绛夊搧鍜屽悎鏍煎搧涓変釜绛夌骇銆 ?MU15 浠ヤ笂鍙 敤浜庡熀纭 €鍙婂叾浠栧缓绛戦儴浣嶏紝MU10 鐮栧彲鐢ㄤ簬闃叉疆灞備互涓婄殑寤虹瓚閮ㄤ綅銆備絾鏄 紝杩欑 鐮栦笉寰楃敤浜庨暱鏈熺粡鍙 ?00 鈩冮珮娓 ┿ €佹 €ュ喎鎬ョ儹鎴栨湁閰告 €т粙璐ㄤ镜铓 €鐨勫缓绛戦儴浣嶃 €?br18 銆丆 涓庤仛鍚堢墿鏀规 €ф播闈掗槻姘村嵎鏉愮浉姣旓紝姘 寲鑱氫箼鐑 ?姗 164。 兌鍏辨贩鍨嬮槻姘村嵎鏉愮殑浼樼偣鏄 笉浠呭叿鏈夋隘鍖栬仛涔欑儻鎵 €鐗规湁鐨勯珮寮哄害鍜屼紭寮傜殑鑰愯嚟姘 с€佽 €愯 €佸寲鎬 ц兘锛岃 €屼笖鍏锋湁姗 164。 兌绫绘潗鏂欐墍鐗规湁鐨勯珮寮规 €с€侀珮寤朵几鎬 у拰鑹 ソ鐨勪綆娓 ╂ 煍鎬 с€?br19銆丄 涓欑儻閰哥被瀵嗗皝鑶忎富瑕佺敤浜庡眿闈 佸 鏉裤 €侀棬銆佺獥宓岀紳锛屼笉瀹滅敤浜庢场鍦ㄦ按涓 殑宸ョ ▼锛屼笉瀹滅敤浜庡箍鍦恒 €佸叕璺 佹 ˉ闈ㄬ瓑鏈変氦閫氭潵寰 €鐨勬帴缂濅腑绛夈 €?br20 銆丅 瀵逛簬娣峰嚌鍦熺幇娴囧疄蹇冩澘锛岄 鏂欑殑鏈 €澶 х矑寰勪笉瀹滆秴杩囨澘鍘氱殑 1/3 锛屼笖涓嶅緱瓒呰繃 40mm銆 ?br21 銆丏 骞茬爞璐ㄩ噺 =650/(1+3%)=631(kg)锛涘共鐭宠川閲 ?(631 梅 34%)=631=1225(kg)锛涙按娉ヨ川閲 ?24006501225 脳 (1+2%)145=(kg)锛涙按鐏版瘮 =(145+650631 +1225 脳 2%)/= 銆 ? 22 銆丅 钂告苯鍏绘姢鐨勬贩鍑濆湡鍜岄 搴斿姏娣峰嚌鍦燂紝涓嶅疁鎺虹敤寮曟皵鍓傚拰寮曟皵鍑忔按鍓 傘 €傞 搴斿姏娣峰嚌鍦熸瀯浠剁殑鏂藉伐涓 紝涓嶈兘鎺虹敤瀵归挗绛嬫湁渚佃殌浣滅敤鐨勬隘鐩愩 €佹隘鍖栭挔绛夛紝鍚﹀垯浼氬彂鐢熶弗閲嶇殑璐ㄩ噺浜嬫晠銆 ?br23 銆丏 澶 ╃ 劧楗伴潰鐭虫潗涓 紝澶 х悊鐭虫澘鏉愬叿鏈夊惛姘寸巼灏忋 €佽 €愮（鎬 уソ銆佽 €愪箙鎬 уソ绛変紭鐐癸紝浣嗗叾鎶楅 鍖栨 €ц兘杈冨樊銆 ?br24 銆丆 娑傛枡缁勬垚鎴愬垎涓 紝娆 鎴愯啘鐗 ╄ 川 (鍖呮嫭棰滄枡鍜屽～鏂 ?鐨勪綔鐢細棰滄枡璧嬩簣娑傛枡缇庤 鐨勮壊褰 ╋ 紝濉。