造船专业英语课文全部翻译

造船专业英语课文全部翻译内容摘要：

bottoms and shallow Vsections（ especially forward of amidships） that produce partial to nearly full dynamic support for light displacement vessels and small craft at higher speeds. Planing craft are generally restricted in size and displacement because of the required powertoweight ratio and the structural stresses associated with traveling at high speed in waves． Most planing craft are also restricted to operations in reasonably calm water， although some“deep V”hull forms are capable of operation in rough water． 水动力支撑 依靠水动力支撑的船也只有两种类型。 水动力是靠专门设计的水动力板在水面下做快速相对运动而产生的。 一个物理原理表明任何带来不对称流体的运动物体都会在垂直于运动的方向上产生一个升力。 正像具有机翼的飞机 在空气中运动能产生升力一样，通过一个穿过水面的支柱而固定在水下的木翼，其水动力可以支撑一般船舶离开水面。 滑行船体的特点是具有相对平坦的底部和浅 V 型剖面（特别是在船中前），高速航行时在局部可以为小排水量船和小型船提供足够的水动力支撑。 滑行艇的尺寸与排水量一般都受限制，因为功率重量比和在波浪中航行产生的结构应力大小都有要求。 大多数滑行艇都要求在静水中航行，尽管某些深 V 型船体具有在波浪中航行的能力。 (段礼倍 /冯宝财 )Hydrostatic support Finally， there is the oldest and most reliable type of support， hydrostatic support． All ships， 最后，有最古老和最可靠的类型的支持，支持所有船舶静水， boats， and primitive watercraft up to the twentieth century have depended upon the easily attained 和原始的船舶达第二十世纪都依赖于容易获得水的浮力来操作。 buoyant force of water for their operation. This hydrostatic support， monly recognized as flotation， call be explained by a 这种液体静压支承，公认的浮选，可以由一个基本的物理定律解释说， fundamental physical law that the ancient philosophermathematician Archimedes defined in the 在第二世纪 古代哲学家、数学家阿基米德定义指出， second century B． C． Archimedes‟Principle states that a body immersed in a liquid is buoyed up 浸没在液体中的身体的力等于被取代的液体的重量。 （ or acted upon） by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced． This principle applies to all 这一原理适用于所有的船浮动（或淹没）在水 盐和新鲜。 vessels that float（ or submerge） in water—salt or fresh． And from this statement the name of the 从这一声明在类船舶的名称来源； ships in the category are derived； they are generally called displacement hulls． 他们一般称为 排水型 船体。 Although this ship type is very familiar， its subcategories warrant special discussion． For 虽然该型船是非常熟悉的，它的子类需要特别讨论。 example， in some vessels reasonably high speed must be bined with the ability to carry light 例如，在某些船相当高的速度必须结合进行轻货物规划船体特性来进行修改， cargo or to move more fortably in rough water than a planing hull． Highspeed planning hull 以产生一个船体或船体的能力，使船更合适。 characteristics can be modified to produce a semidisplacement hull or semiplaning hull. These 这些妥协的工艺， promise craft， of course not as fast as fullplaning hulls but faster than conventional 当然不一样快但比常规位移全滑行艇船体更快， displacement hulls， must have more power and less weight than the latter． Such types are 要比后者有更多的力量和重量小。 obviously the result of “tradeoffs”． 这种类型的结果明显“折衷”。 The example cited above lies between clearcut physically defined categories—it is not a 上面提到的明确的物理定义的类别， good example of a variation of a true displacementtype ship． The latter must be recognized 它不是一个真正的排水变化类型船舶的一个很好的例子之间是例子。 primarily as a displacement vessel， and its variations depend primarily on the distribution of 后者必须承认的是排水的容器， buoyant volume－ the extent of the depth and breadth of the hull below the water． 和它的变化主要取决于浮力体积－船体的水下的深度和广度上的分布。 The most ubiquitous type of displacement ship can be generally classified as the mon 排水船舶最普遍的类型一般可分为共同的载体，海船。 carrier， a seagoing vessel． It may be employed for passenger service， light cargocarrying， fishing 它可用于客运服务，轻型载货，捕鱼的拖网， by trawling， or for hundreds of other tasks that do not require exceptional capacity， speed， 或其他的任务，不需要特殊的能力，速度，或其他特殊性能。 submergence， or other special performance． It is the most mon and easily recognizable type of 它是最常见的容易辨认的船型，与适合的排水，速度适中，中等大的长度，和中度的能力。 ship， with moderate displacement， moderate speeds， moderate to large lengths， and moderate 中等大的长度，和中度的能力。 capacities． It usually embodies the maximum in cruising range and seaworthiness． It is the “ship 它通常体现最大的巡航范围和适航性。 for all seasons”． It is the standard to which all other ship classifications in the displacement 它是“四季船”。 它是标准的，在排水类的所有 其他船舶分类可称。 category may be referred． The closest relative to this standard vessel， which plays a crucial role not only in world 最近的相对于这个标准 船 ，它起着至关重要的作用 merce but in the survival of the industrial world as well， is the bulk oil carrier， the tanker， 不仅在世界贸易而在 工业世界的生存一样，是散装油轮，油轮，或者超级油轮。 or supertanker． These terminologies are mon but unspecific， and in this discussion they are 这些术语常见但非特异性，并讨论他们是不够的， inadequate， for what was called a supertanker several years ago is today not a supertanker． The 几年前油轮 在 今天不是一个超级油轮。 industry itself has created a far more explicit nomenclature． Based upon the index of 100,000 tons 该行业本身也创造了一个更明确的命名法。 oil cargo capacity, the size categories are LCC(Large Crude Carrier). VICC(Very Large Crude 根据原油 100000 吨的货物的能 力指数，大小类别的 LCC（大型油轮）。 Carrier), and ULCC(Ultra Large Crude Carrier). Any tanker greater than 100,000 but less than VICC（巨型油轮），和超大型油轮（超大型油轮）。 200,000 tons is a LCC, those between 200,000 and 400,000 tons are VLCCs, and those over 任何油轮大于 100000 但小于 202000 吨 的 LCC，那些 202000 至 400000 吨的巨型油轮， 400,000 tons are ULCCs. The current necessity for these designations bees clear when we 和超过 400000 吨 ulccs。 这些名称目前的必要性变得清晰时， realize that before 1956 there were no tankers larger than 50,000 tons, and not until the early 我们意识到在 1956 之前没有超过 50000 吨的油轮， sixties were any ships built larger than 100,000 tons. In 1968 the first ship over 300,000 tons was 直到 60 年代早期进行的任何船舶建造超过 100000 吨。 1968 超过 300000 吨的第一艘船。 built. With their bulk and enormous capacity (four football fields can be placed end to end on one 他们的体积和巨大的容量（四足球 场 可以放置的端到端的一座）， of their decks),these ships are designed and built to be profitmakers, enormously long, wide, and 这些船的设计和建造的是利润， deep carrying thousa。