澳大利亚国家概况中英文版

澳大利亚国家概况中英文版内容摘要：

................................................... 19 Coverment ................................................................................ 20 National Anthem ........................................................................ 21 2 Geography .......................................................................................... 21 3 Climate .............................................................................................. 23 4 History ............................................................................................... 23 5 Economy ............................................................................................ 26 6 Culcture ............................................................................................. 28 Arts .......................................................................................... 29 Media ....................................................................................... 30 7 Sports ................................................................................................ 31 8 Symbol............................................................................................... 33 19 1 Federation The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 when six independent British colonies agreed to join together and bee states of a new nation. The birth of the nation is often referred to as 39。 federation39。 . This is because the Constitution created a 39。 federal39。 system of government. Under a federal system, powers are divided between a central government and individual states. In Australia, power was divided between the Australian Government and the six state governments. Australia has six states: New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania(TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT). 20 Coverment Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers. It uses a parliamentary system of government with Queen Elizabeth II at its apex as the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinct from her position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen resides in the United Kingdom, and she is represented by her viceroys in Australia (the GovernorGeneral at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level), who by convention act on the advice of her ministers. Supreme executive authority is vested by the Constitution of Australia in the sovereign, but the power to exercise it is conferred by the Constitution specifically on the GovernorGeneral. The most notable exercise to date of the GovernorGeneral39。 s reserve powers outside the Prime Minister39。 s request was the dismissal of the Whitlam Government in the constitutional crisis of 1975. The federal government is separated into three branches:  The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, defined in section 1 of the constitution as prising the Queen (represented by the GovernorGeneral), the Senate, and the House of Representatives。  The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the GovernorGeneral as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State。  The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the GovernorGeneral on advice of the Council. Parliament House, Canberra 21 National Anthem ‘Advance Australia Fair’ is the national anthem of Australia. A revised version of a late nieenth century patriotic song, it was officially declared the national anthem on 19 April 1984. Peter Dodds McComick Australians all let us rejoice, For we are young and free。 We39。 ve golden soil and wealth for toil, Our home is girt by sea。 Our land abounds in nature39。 s gifts Of beauty rich and rare。 In history39。 s page, let every stage Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair. Beneath our radiant Southern Cross, We39。 ll toil with hearts and hands。 To make this Commonwealth of ours Renowned of all the lands。 For those who39。 ve e across the seas We39。 ve boundless plains to share。 With courage let us all bine To Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair. 2 Geography Australia is a country prising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north。 the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the northeast。 and New Zealand to the southeast. Australia39。 s landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi) is on the IndoAustralian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. 22 The world39。 s smallest continent and sixth largest country by total area. Australia owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed the island continent, and is sometimes considered the world39。 s largest island. Australia has 34,218 kilometres (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all off shore islands), and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory. Excluding Macquarie Island, Australia lies between latitudes 9176。 and 44176。 S, and longitudes 112176。 and 154176。 E. The Great Barrier Reef, the world39。 s largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the northeast coast and extends for over 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi). Mount Augustus, claimed to be the world39。 s largest monolith, is located in Western Australia. At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on t。