轮机英语翻译课文全解

轮机英语翻译课文全解内容摘要：

der, the induction stroke is performed as the piston moves down. 吸气行程是通过位于气缸内最高点的活塞下行实现。 During this stroke the inlet valve remains open and a charge of air is drawn into the cylinder. 在这个行程中，进气阀始终开启，同时增压空气被吸进气缸 The piston then returns to the top of39。 the cylinder whilst both inlet and exhaust valves remain closed and the charge of air is pressed. 然后进排气阀保持关闭，活塞返回在气缸内的最高点，增压空气被压缩。 The pression raises the temperature of the air and as the piston reaches the end of this stroke, a controlled amount of fuel is injected into the cylinder in the form of a fine spray. 压缩行程会升高空气温度，随着活塞达到行程的终点，一定数量的燃油以雾化形式喷射到气缸内部。 On ing into contact with the hot air the fuel ignites causing a rapid rise in pressure which drives the piston downwards on the expansion 触，燃油会被点燃，引起气缸内压力迅速升高，驱动活塞在膨 胀行程向下移动。 As the piston reaches the bottom of the cylinder for the second time the exhaust valve is opened and during the upward and fourth stroke the hot spent gases are expelled through 内的最低点，排气阀被打开，热的废气通过活塞上行从排气阀被排出。 If the charge of air entering the cylinder during the induction stroke is drawn in by the piston movement only without being assisted in any way, then the engine is said to be naturally aspirated.假如在吸气行程中进入气缸的增压空气只通过活塞的上下移动被吸入，而没有辅助机械，那么这就是自然吸气柴油机。 The power of any diesel engine is determined by the amount of fuel that can be burnt in each cylinder per cycle and the speed at which it can be run. 任何柴油机的功率都是通过每个循环喷入气缸燃烧的燃油量和它的运转速度决定。 The rotational speed is limited by the forces arising from the inertia of the moving 部件的惯性力限制。 In the case of a naturally aspirated engine the amount of fuel that can be burnt is limited by the mass of air drawn into the cylinder during the induction stroke. 对于自然吸气柴油机来说，参与燃烧的燃油量受到吸气行程中吸入到气缸空气量的限制。 Diesel fuel requires about times its own mass of air for plete bustion. 柴油大约需要其自身质量的。 The time available for bustion in the diesel cycle is very short。 if only the chemically correct amount of air were provided, the fuel would not have time to burn pletely and, in practice, almost twice this quantity is found to be ，燃烧持续的时间非常短暂；假如只有化学反应的空气量，那么燃油就没有时间进行完全燃烧，在实际循环当中，两倍的空气量是必须的。 The cylinder can be charged with a greater mass of air by supplying it under pressure. The air is pressurized in a pressor, sometimes termed a blower, and fed to the induction manifold of the engine. The process is called pressure charging or 入大量空气。 空气在压气机（有时称为鼓风机）中被压缩，然后供给到柴油机的进气总管。 这个过程被称为增压。 In some special cases the pressor is driven mechanically from the engine crankshaft. 在有些特殊的装置中，压气机的机械驱动通过柴油机曲轴来实现。 More usually, some of the energy present in the exhaust gas is utilized by passing it through a turbine which is directly coupled to a centrifugal pressor. The pressor and turbine together form a free running unit, separate from the engine, known as a ，让其通过涡轮机，而涡轮机直接和离心式的压气机连接，这样压气机和涡轮机组合成一个和柴油机分离开来的自由运转机构，这个装置称为涡轮增压器。 The pressure of the air in the inlet manifold to the cylinders of a turbocharged engine is termed the boost。 In engines having a high boost pressure the air leaving the pressor is hot and it is beneficial and sometime, necessary to cool it as this assists in increasing the mass of air filling the cylinders and in keeping the internal parts of the engine cool. The air is cooled by passing it through an intercooler. 在高增压柴油机中，离开压气机的高温空气对柴油机来说是有利的，但有时必需的冷却有助于提高进入到气缸的空气量，有助于冷却柴油机的内部元件。 增压空气的冷却可以通过空气冷却器实现。 The quantity of air provided by turbocharger is so great that the amount of fuel that can be burnt in each cylinder per cycle (and hence the power) is not limited on this account but by the temperature which the exhaust valves, cylinder heads and pistons can ，所以每个循环下气缸的烧油量（输出功率）是没有界限的，但是会受到排气阀，气缸头和活塞的 承受温度限制。 TWO STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINES 二冲程柴油机 Two stroke cycle diesel engines take several forms. 二冲程柴油机有多种结构。 One form has a valve in the cylinder head through which the exhaust gases leave the cylinder and ports around the lower part of the cylinder through which the air 在气缸头上安装排气阀，在气缸下部加工一圈环绕的空气进气口。 At the bottom dead centre the exhaust valve and the inlet ports are both open at the same time. The pressure of the air in the inlet manifold is arranged to be higher than the pressure in the exhaust manifold so that on entering the cylinder it sweeps out the exhaust gases and fills the cylinder with a fresh charge. This process of displacing the spent gases in the cylinder by the ining air is termed ，排气阀和进气阀同时开启。 进气总管的空气压力大于排气总管 的压力，这样就可以清扫废气，让气缸充满新鲜空气。 这种新气替换气缸内废气的过程称为扫气。 As the piston rises it cuts off the inlet ports and the exhaust valve is arranged to close at the same time. Compression of the charge of air takes place and fuel is injected into the hot pressed air as top dead centre is approached. Combustion occurs and the piston is driven downwards on the expansion stroke. 随着活塞上行，进气口关闭，同时排气阀也被关闭，开始对空气进行压缩。 在活塞接近上止点时，燃油喷入到高温空气当中，发生燃烧，开始膨胀，驱动活塞下行。 Towards the end of this stroke the exhaust valve is opened allowing the exhaust gases to escape and the pressure in the cylinder fall below that of the air manifold. Shortly afterwards, as the inlet ports are opened by the downward moving piston, the scavenging air enters and displaces the remaining exhaust gas in preparation for the next 时，排气阀打开，开始排气，此时气缸压力降至进气总管压力以下。 不久以后，随着下行的活塞打开进气口，扫气空气进入气缸替换剩余的废气，准备进行下一循环。 Another form of two stroke cycle engines is known as the opposed piston type. In operation it is very similar to the type just described, the chief difference being that the exhaust gases leave the cylinder via ports controlled by the upper piston instead of through a 种结构是对置活塞式柴油机。 它和刚才描述的柴油机运转相似，主要的区别在于：废气经过上部活塞控制的气口，而不是气阀离开气缸。 The two pistons may have the same length of stroke or the piston controlling the exhaust ports may have a shorter stroke than the one controlling the inlet ports. 两个活塞有相同的行程长度，或者控制排气口的活塞比控制进气口的活塞行程短。 Power is obtained from both pistons and a va。