欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结

欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结内容摘要：

ied for the Greek causes made him more respected his poem expressed an ardent love of liberty and a fierce hatred of tyranny Shelley noted for his lyrics Keats famous for his sons Walter Scott Romanticism in France Chateaubriand ： Victor Hugo： 法国浪漫主义文学的最重要的作家。 他于 1827年发表的 Cromwell是法国浪漫主义运动的一篇重要宣言。 他的长篇小说巴黎圣母院 悲惨世界宣扬了 “爱 ”与 “仁慈 ”等人道主义精神。 The greatest poet of his day Gee Sand：法国浪漫主义文学最杰出的女作家 Romanticism in Italy Manzoni： 约婚夫妇是意大利文学史上第一部以爱压迫的劳动人民为主人公的小说 Leopardi： he was the greatest poet of Italy Romanticism Romanticism in Russia Russia Romanticism began that wayadapting French plays and translating German and English poetry Pushkin： 俄国浪漫主义先锋（ van） a Byronic character his masterpiece is 创造了俄国文学中的第一个 “多余的人 ”的典型 Lermontov： draws a fine portrait of Pushkin Romanticism in Poland Adam Mickiewicz： beginning of Polish Romanticism is his masterpiece Art and Architecture Goya Spanish painter and etcher（蚀刻家）欧洲浪漫主义先驱 Execution of the Third of May Children David French Painter Delacroix 代表着法国浪漫主义绘画的最高成就 Gericault French painter Turner English landscape painter Constable English landscape painter Turner and Constable代表了浪漫主义画派的最高成就 Music早期浪漫主义音乐家： Beethoven（贝多芬） German Composer marked the beginning of 19th century programme music Schubert（舒伯特） Austrian poser Chopin（肖邦） Polish poser Schumann（舒曼） German poser Mendelssohn（门德尔松） German poser 后期浪漫主义音乐家： Berlioz（伯辽兹） French poser Liszt（里斯特） Hungarian poser Wagner（瓦格纳） German poser Brahms（伯拉姆斯） German poser Tchaikovsky（柴科夫斯基） Russian poser 8. 马克思主义和达尔文主义 Marxism and Darwinism The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism German Classical Philosophy and Marxist Philosophy： Hegelian dialectics 黑格尔辩证法 Feuerbach?s materialism费尔巴哈唯物论 Marxist Philosophy Dialectical materialism马克思主义辩证唯物论 Historical materialism 马克思主义历史唯物论 English Classical Political Economy and Marxist Political Economy Capital is the most important work by Marx about Marxist economics Surplus value was the source of profit， the source of the wealth of the capitalist class Doctrine of surplus value in Capital is the cornerstone of Marx?s economic theory Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism Robert Owen： English industrialist and social reformer Henri de SaintSimon： French social philosopher Charles Fourier： French social philosopher Darwinism As Newton dominated 17th century science with the discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe， Charles Darwin dominated the 19th century science for his discovering of the laws governing the evolution of man himself. In the history of science he takes up a position as important as these occupied by Copernicus， Galileo and Newton. Darwin was not the first man to put forward the theory of evolution Lamarck was the first man whose conclusio n on the subject. However， he failed to produce any evidence， French naturalist（自然主义者） Lyell English geologist Karl Marx Darwin?s works and Theories： On the origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection， or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life The Descent of Man 9. 现实主义 Realism arise in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France Realism in France Stendhal 司汤达 红与黑是法国批判现实主义第一部成熟的作品 巴马修道院 Balzac巴尔扎克 Balzac has been called the French Dickens as Dickens has been called the English Balzac Flaubert 福楼拜 非常重视艺术形式 he is often called the first French realist包法利夫人 Zora 左拉 founder of the naturalist school鲁贡玛－马卡尔家族史 Maupassant 莫伯桑 Realism in Russia Gogol果戈里 the first master of fiction in Russia Chickikov A character in Shame， and hypocrisy Turgenev屠格涅夫 the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West Dostoyevsky陀思妥耶夫斯基罪与罚卡拉马佐夫兄弟 Leo Tolstoy列夫托尔斯泰 战争与和平安娜卡列尼娜 复活 Chekhov契诃夫海欧 万尼亚舅舅 Sisters三姐妹 樱桃园 Realism in Northern Europe Ibsen a plea for the emancipation of woman His p lays are viewed as the fountainhead of much modern drama Strindberg The above three are his autobiographical works His first play is Realism in England This period occurs at the latter half of the reign of Queen Victoria， 这时期意味着大英帝国的顶峰，但太平盛世只是外表，整个国家内乱不断， 危机重重 Charles Dickens 大卫科波菲尔 荒凉山庄艰难时世 其小说展现了广阔的社会生活，真实情节与诗意气氛的结合，幽默、风趣与悲剧的结合 Gee Eliot（ Mary Ann。