全新版大学英语第四册全文翻译

全新版大学英语第四册全文翻译内容摘要：

ork World39。 s Fair. Now, at the start of the new century, it39。 s worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives. 智能车辆 斯蒂夫 施多弗 还在汽车问世之初，未来学家就开始设想无需人来操纵便能自动运行的车辆将是什么样儿的。 这类设想最出名的或许是 1939年纽约世界博览会上轰动一时的由通用汽车公司推出的 “未来城市风光 ”。 今天，在世纪之初，以新的目光去审视这样的设想，去探讨自动化将如何改变交通以及我们的生活质量，是颇具价值的。 2 Consider some of the implications of cars that could drive themselves. ● We might eliminate the more than niy percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention. ● We might reduce antisocial driving behavior such as road rage, thereby significantly reducing the stress of driving. ● The entire population, including the young, the old, and the infirm, might enjoy a higher level of mobility without requiring advanced driving skills. ● The luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the wealthiest individuals. ● Fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting. ● Trafficmanagement decisions might be based on firm knowledge of vehicle responses to instructions, rather than on guesses about the choices that drivers might make. ● The capacity of a freeway lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to acmodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today39。 s level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time. 且来看一看能自动运行的汽车意味着什么。 ● 我们或许能消除 90%以上由于判断失误以及疏忽等人为因素造成的交通事故。 ● 我们或许能减少野蛮开车这类有害公众利益的开车行为，从而大大减轻行车压力。 ● 社会全体成员，包括老老少少与体弱者，也许都不需习得娴熟的驾车技巧就能较为自由地奔驰了。 ● 被开车接送也许会成为世人共同的享 受，而不仅仅是最富裕阶层的一种奢侈。 ● 车流通畅，相互紧随行驶的车辆能利用前车产生的较小的空气阻力，这些都可能减少油耗和污染。 ● 交通管理将会建立在充分了解车辆对指令的应变能力的基础上，而非基于对车辆驾驶者可能采取的行动的粗略估测。 ● 高速公路的车容量会增加一倍或二倍，使其不必大兴土木就能适应不断增长的行车需求；或者，同样重要地，目前交通拥堵的程度能得到缓解，以使行车者节省时间。 Is it feasible? 3 This is now a realistic prospect. With advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system. 是否可行。 目前这已成为一个可以实现的希望。 随着技术的进步，我们不难设想自动化公路系统上的行车过程。 4 Imagine leaving work at the end of the day and needing to drive only as far as the nearest onramp to the local automated highway. At the onramp, you press a button on your dashboard to select the offramp closest to your home and then relax as your car39。 s electronic systems, in cooperation with roadside electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly, safely, and effortlessly toward your destination. En route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rushhour traffic volumes. At the end of the offramp you resume normal control and drive the remaining distance to your home, better rested and less stressed than if you had driven the entire way. 且来设想，工作一天下班后，只需开车至最近的一个自动公路入口匝道。 到了入口匝道，在仪表板上按一下按钮选择离家最近的出口匝道，随后就休息放松，由车上的电子系统与路旁的电子装置以及其他车辆上类似的系统合作，把车平稳、安全、顺畅地开往目的地。 即使是在车流量最大的高峰时段，也能一路全速行驶，从而节省时间。 下了出口匝道，再照 平常那样驾驶，开过余下的路程回家，那要比自己全程驾驶省力轻松许多。 5 Although many different technical developments are necessary to turn this image into reality, none requires exotic technologies, and all can be based on systems and ponents that are already being actively developed in the international motor vehicle industry. These could be viewed as replacements for the diverse functions that drivers perform every day: observing the road, observing the preceding vehicles, steering, accelerating, braking, and deciding when and where to change course. 要把这一景象变成现实固然需要各种不同的技术发展，但也无需什么匪夷所思的技术，所有的技术都能以国际车辆制造业正在积极开发研制的各种系统和部件作为基础。 这些技术可以被看作是车辆驾驶者日常开车所起各种作用的替代：观察路况，留意前行车辆，掌握方向，加速，刹车，变道。 Observing the road 6 Researchers have developed a roadreference and sensing system that makes it possible to determine accurately a vehicle39。 s position and orientation relative to the lane39。 s center. Cheap permanent mags are buried at fourfoot intervals along the lane centerline and detected by magometers mounted under the vehicle39。 s bumpers. . These meters provide the information used by the vehicle39。 s control puter to determine its exact position of the vehicle. 观察路况 研究人员开发了一种路况参考及传感系统，这些能准确判断车辆的方位及所在车道中心的相应定位。 价格低廉的永磁体以 4英尺的间隔埋设在车道中心线上，车辆保险杆下安装着的磁强计能够测知。 这些磁强计向车上的计算机控制台提供信息，以断定车辆的确切方位。 7 Other researchers have used puter vision systems to observe the road. (1) These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than wellmaintained lane markings. 其他研究人员利用计算机图像系统观察路况。 这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需要将路面标志维护好就行了。 Observing preceding vehicles 8 The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. Both technologies have already been implemented in mercially available systems in Japan and Europe. The laser systems are currently less expensive, but the radar systems are more effective at detecting dirty vehicles and operating in adverse weather conditions. As production volumes increase and unit costs decrease, the radars are likely to find increasing favor. 留意前行车辆 与前行车辆的车距及接近时的速度可用雷达或激光测距仪测定。 这两项技术已经在日本和欧洲投入商业运用。 目前激光系统比较便宜，但雷达系统能更加有效地测知野蛮行驶的车辆，能更加安全地在天气恶劣时操作。 随着产量的提高，成本的降低，雷达系统将会越来越受欢迎。 Steering, accelerating and braking 9 The equivalents of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. They receive electronic mands from the onboard control puter and then apply the appropriate steering angle, throttle angle, and brake pressure by means of small electric motors. Early versions of these devices are already being introduced into production of vehicles, where they receiv。