英国文学期末复习要点

英国文学期末复习要点内容摘要：

无情打击 ,还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌 ,并将其克服。 此二抉择 , 就竟是哪个较崇高 ?死即睡眠 , 它不过如此 !倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患 ,那么 , 此结局 是可盼的 !死去 , 睡去 ... 但在睡眠中可能有梦 , 啊 , 这就是个阻碍 :当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊 ,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临 ?它令我们踌躇 ,使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾 ,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨 ,如暴君之政、骄者 之傲、失恋之痛、法章之慢、贪官之侮、或庸民之辱 ,假如他能简单的一刃了之 ?还有谁会肯去做牛做马 , 终生疲於操劳 ,默默的忍受其苦其难 , 而不远走高飞 , 飘於渺茫之境 ,倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前 ?此境乃无人知晓之邦 , 自古无返者。 The question is to live or not to live. Is it nobler to suffer the outrageous misfortunes or to oppose those misfortunes and end my life? I wish very much to die and no longer suffer the heartaches and natural shocks that exist. When we are dead it is possible that we can no longer dream, but when we sleep we can dream. There is no reason to suffer through life for so long. Who would want to suffer all the things that are bad in life, and there is so much。 unrequited love, the lack of efficient law, poor leadership. The patient man can not handle all of this and instead wants to take matters into his own hand even with a simple dagger. This would relieve the stresses that are suffered. But we do not know what awaits us in the afterlife and this is what is so frightening. No one has ever returned from death and this is why it is so frightening. When we die we go someplace that we are not familiar with and join people whom we are not familiar with. This is why we are all afraid of death, and so the person who thinks about this situation does not know what to do. We are afraid of the action that we take causing death. But wait, What about Ophelia, the spirit. May my sins be remembered forever! The character of Hamlet: ① Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions. ② Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness. ③ His intellectual genius is outstanding. ④ Hamlet’ s melancholy is not the negative, hairsplitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his perating habit of mind. Hamlet is not a mere scholar, and his nature is by no means meditative. On the contrary, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly acplished and educated, a man of farreaching perception and sparkling wit. He is a scholar, solider and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance. 五、 The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟 革命时间 :1640～ 1689 年 复辟时间 :1660 年 曲折过程 :Common interests →conflict→The clashes between the King and parliament 1642 年 ,英国资产阶级革命后的 20 年里 ,英国政局动荡 ,战火连绵不断。 以克伦威尔 Oliver Cromwell为代表的资产阶级极权统治未能平息统治阶层内部及统治阶级与劳动人民之间的矛盾。 克伦威尔斯后 ,斯图亚特王朝卷土重来 ,查理二世CharlesⅡ 于 1660 年登上王位 ,这就是 王政复辟 (The Restoration,1660～ 1688)。 文学特点： English literature of this revolution and restoration period was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time. 代表人物： ① John Donne(1572?1631)约翰 .多恩 “ metaphysical”。