外文文献翻译-液压系统

外文文献翻译-液压系统内容摘要：

l multiple of the piston crosssectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as fing steel. History of the development of hydraulic And air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal39。 s principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,17491814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world39。 s first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oilwater and further improved. World War I (19141918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic ponents in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic ponents for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research。 in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development. The Second World War (19411945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan39。 s hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan39。 s fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.。 operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.。 iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device。 civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions。 speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.。 ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster。 special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage。 militaryindustrial control devices used in artillery, ship antirolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices. Hydraulic fluids are a large group of fluids used as the motive medium in hydraulic machinery. Fluid types include synthetic pounds, mineral oil, water, and waterbased mixtures. The fluids are found in machinery and equipment ranging from brakes, power steering systems. Hydraulic systems are very mon in aircraft flight control systems. Hydraulic systems like the ones mentioned above will work most efficiently if the hydraulic fluid used has low industrial hydraulic systems operate at hundreds to thousands of PSI and temperatures reaching hundreds of degrees Celsius, severe injuries and death can result from ponent failures and care must always be taken when performing maintenance on hydraulic systems. Fire resistance is a property available with specialized use of hydraulic systems in aircraft almost certainly began with braking systems.[citation needed] As aircraft performance increased in mid20th century, the amount of force required to operate mechanical flight controls became excessive, and hydraulic systems were introduced to reduce pilot effort. The hydraulic actuators are controlled by valves。 these in turn are operated directly by input from the aircrew (hydromechanical) or by puters obeying control laws (fly by wire). See flight controls. Hydraulic power is used for other purposes. It can be stored in accumulators to start an auxiliary power unit (APU) for selfstarting the aircraft39。 s main engines. Many aircraft equipped with the M61 family of cannon use hydraulic power to drive the gun system, permitting reliable high rates of fire. The hydraulic power itself es from pumps driven by the engines directly, or by electrically driven pumps. Electric pumps can provide both redundancy and the means of operating hydraulic systems without starting the engines, which can be very useful during maintenance. Aircraft hydraulic fluids fall under various specifications: Exposure to hydraulic fluids occurs mainly in the workplace. Drinking。