刘炳善版英国文学史教案

刘炳善版英国文学史教案内容摘要：

Apology for Poetry 《诗辩》——诗人是创造者，强调诗歌的教化功能，认为诗能净化人的灵魂。 e. W. Shakespeare——peak of English sonnet2. 文艺复兴时期最突出的成就是戏剧。 a. Christopher Marlowe，the forerunner of the English drama b. Shakespeare，the greatest achievement in the English renaissance c. Ben Jonson，a critic:To the Memory of William Shakespeare. A dramatist, A poet： Francis Bacon培根的自由体散文集《随笔》有很多格言警句，如Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and ，有些可以吞食，少数则须咀嚼消化。 IV. Session Five the Flowering of English LiteratureI． The flowering of English Literature 见Sessions Four，II，BII． Edmund Spenser 1. Life ExperienceEdmund Spenser (15521599), the greatest non－dramatic poet of the English Renaissance, is regarded as “the poet’s poet” because of his great influence on later poets. Spenser was born and educated in London. Then Spenser studied at Cambridge, where he read the classics and Italian poets and wrote poems. 2. works：The Shepheards Calendar was Spenser’s first major work, a series of pastoral poems arranged according to the months of the year. His masterpiece The Faerie Queene, the great romantic epic, was published in 1590, consisting of six books. An allegory written in Spenserian Stanza.One of his major work Amoretti, the sonnet sequence in 1595, together with Shakespeare’s sonnets and Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella were regarded as the most famous sonnet sequences of the Elizabethan Age. 3. Spenser’s contribution to English literature Spenser’s contribution to English literature lies not only in what he wrote, but also in how he wrote it. (1)The publication of The Shepherd’s Calender marked the budding of the Renaissance flower in England. (2)Spenser is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions.(3)He created new poetic forms. The 9line stanza form, called Spenserian stanza, rhymed abab bcbc c is one of his inventions. The first eight are iambic pentameter lines, and the last line is an iambic hexameter line. The sonnet form he invented, called Spenserian sonnet, which prises three quatrains and a final couplet as others’, contains such an intricate pattern of interlocking rhymes as abab bcbc cdcd ee. He tried his hand on different forms and meters. (4)Spenser has been a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and he has great influence on later poets.4. study of Sonnet 75Sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of 14 iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in English. The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch) prises an octave (8 lines) rhyming abbaabba and a sestet (6 lines) rhyming cdecde or cdccdc. The transition from octave to sestet usually coincides with a ‘turn’ in the argument or mood of the poem. The English or Shakespearean sonnet (named after its greatest practitioner) prises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. The ‘turn’ es with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve an epigram.IV. John LylyEuphues, his masterpiece, is a romance written in a peculiar style called “Euphuism”: it consists in the use of balanced sentences and words alliterating, riming or identical.V. Francis Bacon,The first English essayist. 1. Essay is a literary form which can be defined as a short piece of expository prose. The purpose is to inform or explain, rather than to dramatize or amuse.2. Works: The Advancement of Learning 学术的推进New Instrument 新工具 Essays 论说文集VI．PREVIEW Chapter 46V. Session Six Chapter 4 Drama and 5 MarloweI. Drama1. The Miracle Plays are simple plays based on Bible stories popular in the Middle Ages, which developed rapidly in the C13th, until the C16th.2. The Morality Play, another medieval dramatic form, presented the conflict of good and evil with allegorical personages, such as Mercy, Peace, Hate and so on, emerging in the C14th and flourished I the 15th16th centuries.3. The Interlude refers to a short performance slipped into a play to enliven the audience after a solemn scene at the end of the C15th.4. The Classical Drama In the middle of C16thThe first English edy: Gammer Gurton’s Needle格顿大娘的缝衣针, written by William Stevenson (15211575)The first English tragedy: Gorboduc 高布达克，written by Thomas Norton (15321584) and Thomas Sackville (15361608)(1) A Comedy typically deals with mon people, is dominated by a light tone that encourages laughter (or at least amusement or entertainment), and ends happily, often with the uniting of a pair of young lovers.(2) A Tragedy is traditionally dominated by a serious tone, concerns kings and princes, deals with profound issues, and usually concludes with the death of the leading character.(3) A Tragiedy has the qualities of the above both.5. The PlaywrightsUniversity Wits: Marlowe, Robert Greene (用我们的羽毛美化了的暴发户乌鸦) upstart crow decorated by our feathers.II. Marlowe1. Status: the most gifted writer of the “University Wits”, the first great English dramatist, the forerunner of English drama2. works: Tamburlaine(帖木儿大帝, a man full of ambitions), The Jew of Malta(马耳他的犹太, Barabas, the lust for money）, Doctor Faustus(浮士德博士的悲剧历史, strong interest in knowledge, wit, science etc.）3. Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays(1) These plays show, in various ways, the spirit of the rising bourgeoisies, its eager curiosity for knowledge, its towering pride, its insatiable appetite for power whether that be won by military might, knowledge, or gold.(2) The theme of Marlowe’s plays is the praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe. (3) However, the heroes in Marlowe’s plays are merely individualists. Their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves.4. Marlowe’s Literary Achieve。