欧洲文化入门试题及内容归纳共35页

欧洲文化入门试题及内容归纳共35页内容摘要：

on’ s Isles of Greece, Shelley’ s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’ s Ode on a Grecian Urn. ③ In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels 与„平行 in the Irishman 爱尔兰 James Joyce’ s modernist masterpiece 代表作 Ulysses. 七、 What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答： similarity ① Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizenassembly. ② Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities(神 ) to be readily(容易的 ) identified (一致 ), and their myths (崇拜的神 ) to be fused.(融合 ) ③ Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the IndoEuropean language family. difference ① The Romans built up a vast (巨大的 ) empire。 the Greeks didn’ t, except for the brief (短暂的 ) moment of Alexander’ s conquests, which soon disintegrated.(瓦解 ) ② The Romans were confident(自信的 ) in their own anizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.(管理国家的能力 ) 希腊不具有 八、 What is the Rome historical background? 答： The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 ., Rome had been a republic。 from the year 27 ., Octavius took supreme (最大的 ) power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began. Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land area’ s extension: Encircling (环绕 ) the Mediterranean.(地中海 ) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions. In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed(保证 ) by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana. Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law. The empire began to decline in the 3rd ① In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium. Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul). ② After 395 (分裂时间 ), the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and West ③ In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire. ④ The East Roman Empire collapsed (崩溃 ) when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453. （英法百年战争结束） 第二章 Christianity is by far the most influential in the West. 在西方最具影响力 的宗教 JudeoChristian tradition constitutes one of the two major ponents of European culture: Judaism and Christianity. The Jewish tradition, which gave birth to Christianity. (犹太教是基督教的前身 ) Both originated in Palestine, which was known as Canaan. The ancestors of the Jews — the Hebrews. 犹太人的祖先是希伯来人 They called “ Hebrews” , which means “ wanderers” .商旅 About 1300 ., the Hebrews came to settle (定居 ) in Palestine. The Hebrews history was recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible. The Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. 上帝与上帝的教义 The New Testament is about the doctrine (教义 ) of Jesus Christ. 1 The New Testament is, in essence (实质上 ), the four accounts (四 福音书 ), written by the four 1 The word “ Testament” means “ agreement” , the agreement between God and Man. 1 Bible is representative of Christianity and 新旧约 1 The Old Testament 名词解释 The Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “ Testament” means “ agreement” , the agreement between God and Man. 1 The New Testament 名词解释 The Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament is about the doctrine (教义 ) of Jesus Christ. The word “ Testament” means “ agreement” , the agreement between God and Man. 1 The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called 1 Pentateuch 名词解释 The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis (创世记 ), Exodus (出埃及记 ), Leviticus(教义记 ), Numbers (逃亡记 ), Deuteronomy (摩西遗言记 ). 1 Genesis 名词解释 Genesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account (描述 ) of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career (经历 ) of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph. 1 Exodus 名词解释 Exodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious (宗教的 ) history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’ s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back to Canaan. The Fall of Man was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, The Bible. 2 Noah’ s Ark was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, The Bible. 2 The Historical Books was divided into seven sections: ① Books of Joshua ② Books of Judges ③ Books of Samuel ④ Books of Kings ⑤ Books of the Chronicles ⑥ Books of Ezra ⑦ Books of Nehemiah. 2 The content of historical Books: . 586 . Dealing with history of the Hebrew people from their entry into Palestine around 1200 ., till the fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in 586 . 2 The History Books 的内容 ① The development of system of landed nobles. ② The development of monarchy. 君主专制 ③ Establishment of the two Kingdoms. 两大王国的初步形成 ④ (略看 ) The settlement in the highlands ⑤ (略看 ) Age of great prosperity under Saul, David and Solomon. 2 Joshua brought the people safely back to Canaan. 2 The first king to unite the Hebrews was Saul. 2 David established religious capital, Jerusalem to Palestine. 2 The Prophets (先知 )名词解释 宣传教义并受神灵庇佑的人 For more than a thousand years in the Middle East there had been a class of people known as “ Prophets” or the spokesmen of God. Earlier prophet。