土木工程文献翻译18000字

土木工程文献翻译18000字内容摘要：

ility is a process, and if this process in providing the necessary help or restrictions will still be able to enter the rock steady state. This theoretical system of representative characters Labuxiweici, MillerFeiqieer, Fenner Daluobo and Kashitenai others. This is a more modern theory, it is already out of the ground works to consider the ideas, and underground works closer to reality, the past 50 years has been widely accepted and applied. demonstrated broad development prospects. Can be seen from the above, the former theory more attention to the findings and the results of treatment : The latter theory is even more attention to the process and the control of the process, right from the rock for the full utilization of capacity. Given this distinction, which both theory and methods in the process, each with different performance characteristics. NATM theory is rock for the tunnel engineering practice in the representation method. 2. NATM NATM that the new Austrian Tunneling Method short the original is in New Austrian Tunneling Method, referred to as the NATM. France said it convergence bound or some countries alleged to observe the dynamic design and construction of the basic principles. NATM concept of filibustering Xiweici Austria scholars in the 20th century, Professor age of 50. It was based on the experience of both the tunnel and rock mechanics theory, will bolt and shotcrete bination as a major means of supporting a construction method, Austria, Sweden, Italy and other countries, many practical and theoretical study in the 1960s and patented officially named. Following this approach in Western Europe, Scandinavia, the United States and Japan and many other underground works with a very rapid development, have bee modern tunnels new technologies landmark. Nearly 40 years ago, the railway sector 河南理工大学本科设计毕业论文 14 through research, design, construction bining, in many construction of the tunnel, according to their own characteristics successfully applied a new Austrian law, made more experience, have accumulated large amounts of data, This is the application stage. However, in the road sector NATM of only 50%. Currently, the New Austrian Tunneling Method almost bee weak and broken rock section of a tunnel construction method, technical and economic benefits are clear. NATM the basic points can be summarized as follows : （ 1） . Rock tunnel structure is the main loading unit, the construction must fully protect the rock, it minimize the disturbance to avoid excessive damage to the intensity of rock. To this end, the construction of subsection should not block too much, excavation should be used smooth blasting, presplit blasting or mechanical tunneling. （ 2） . In order to give full play to rock the carrying capacity should be allowed to control and rock deformation. While allowing deformation, which can be a rock bearing ring。 The other hand, have to limit it, Rock is not so lax and excessive loss or greatly reduced carrying capacity. During construction should be used with rock close to, the timely building puzzle keeps strengthening Flexible support structure, such as bolting and shotcreting supporting. This adjustment will be adopted supporting structural strength, Stiffness and its participation in the work of the time (including the closure of time) to control the deformation of the rock mass. （ 3） . In order to improve the support structure, the mechanical properties, the construction should be closed as soon as possible, and to bee a closed cylindrical structure. In addition, the tunnel shape with a round should, as far as possible, to avoid the corner of the stress concentration. （ 4） . Construction right through the rock and supporting the dynamic observation, measurement, and reasonable arrangements for the construction procedures, changes in the design and construction management of the daytoday. 河南理工大学本科设计毕业论文 15 （ 5） . To lay waterproof layer, or is subject to bolt corrosion, deterioration of rock properties, rheological, swelling caused by the followup to load, use posite lining. （ 6） . Lining in principle, and the early rock deformation Supporting the basic stability of the conditions under construction. rock and supporting structure into a whole, thereby improving the support system of security. NATM above the basic elements can be briefly summarized as : less disturbance, early spray anchor, ground measurements, closed tight. 3． With a spring to understand the principle NATM （ 1） . Cavern brink of a point A in the original excavation ago with stress (stress selfrespect and tectonic stress) in a state of equilibrium. As an elastic stiffness of the spring K, P0 under pression in a state of equilibrium. （ 2） . Cavern excavation, A point in attacking lose face constraints, the original stress state to be adjusted, if the intensity of rock big enough, After less stress adjustments may cavern in a stable condition (without support). But most of the geological conditions of the poor, that is, after the stress cavern adjustments, such as weak protection, we could have convergence deformation, even instability (landslides), must be provided to support power PE, in order to prevent landslides instability. Equivalent to the Spring of deformation u, in the role of PE is now in the midst of a state of equilibrium. （ 3） . By the mechanical balance equation, we can see in the spring P0 role in a state of equilibrium。 Spring in the event of deformation u, PE in the role they will be in equilibrium, assuming spring elasticity of K, were : P0=PE+Ku Discussion : (1) When u = 0, that is not allowed P0=PE rock deformation, is a rigid support, not economic。 (2) when u ↑, PE ↓。 When u ↓, PE ↑. That is, rock deformation occurred, the release of some of the load (unloading), we should allow some ext。