高三英语非谓语动词

高三英语非谓语动词内容摘要：

式 1 动词 ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 如动词 ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。 这种无依着的 ing形式，语法上称之为 “ 垂悬分词 ”。 【 误 】 Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. (looking out through the window的逻辑主语是the garden，显然不对 ) 【 正 】 Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 【 误 】 Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. (逻辑主语是 dog，它不会看晚报 ) 【 正 】 I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking. 2 如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该动词 ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任。 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 必 背 高中阶段有一些固定的动词 ing形式短语，如generally speaking, judging from...,considering..., talking of..., supposing...等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。 这种动词 ing短语可当作一个插入语。 Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than ，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣 . Judging from his accent, he must e from ，他一定来自加拿大 . Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for ，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。 Supposing it rains, what will you do?假使下雨，你会怎么办呢。 不定式 • 1．不定式作主语： • 1) change the following into the infinitive • 1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing. • 2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. • 3. ______( help ) others is our duty. • 4. ______( see ) is to believe. • 2) change the sentences above into the ones • using “it” as informal. • 3)A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。 • It is easy for the students to read. • It will be a mistake for us to help you. 在 It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式 结构中 ，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如 kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。 在 “ It is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式 ” 结构中 ，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如 important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 比 较 It is good of you to help me with my English. 你真好，帮助我学英语。 (强调 you的特征 =You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。 (强调的是 give up smoking这一行为 = For you to give up smoking is good.) It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构 2．不定式作表语 1. Her work is ______( look )after the children. 2. My aim is ______( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. She seemed ______( think ) about the problem. 3．不定式作宾语： 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。 常见的动词有： want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, fet, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc. • They wanted ______( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? • He said he wished______(be )a professor. • I agreed______ (go ) there with the doctor. • My daughter preferred ______( dance ) when she was in her twenties. • He had promised ______(give) me a hand. 比 较 一般说来，动词 ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象性的动作，时间概念不强。 而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。 Smoking is forbidden here. 这里禁止吸烟。 (泛指 ) It‘s not good for you to smoke so much. 吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。 (具体 ) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。 (泛指 ) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening? 今晚你想待在家里吗。 (具体 ) I like singing ,but I don39。 t like to sing this night . A)1. I didn’t want my parents ______(help ) me. 2. We’d prefer you _______( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3. The school ordered all the classroom ______( clean ). 4. My parents expect me _______( go )to a ideal university. 5. Joan promised the dinner ______( cook ) before we returned. 6. The doctor advised the patient ______( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. He determined me_______( tell ) everything. 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词名代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。 1 主谓关系 The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。 The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。 2 动宾关系 On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天，他总是有许多信要写。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。 3 同位关系 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 动词不定式作定语 4 修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 点 津 坊 由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照看。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可依靠的朋友。 I39。 ve got a lot of things to see to this morning. 今天上午我有许多事情要处理。 Change the following into infinitives. • He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning. • The only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace. • Everything that is done needs praising. • Here are some books that you can read. 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 1 表示目的 I„m saving up to buy a puter. 我在存钱买电脑。 点 津 坊 有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用 in order (not) to do, 和 so as (not) to do结构 (so as to do不可以置于句首 )。 He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. 为了引起注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。 I39。 ll write down his telephone number so as not to fet it. 我要把他的电话号码记下来，以防忘记 动词不定式作状语 2 表示结果 He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。 必 背 ： 不定式表示结果常见于下列句型 1) so...as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 把你的自行车借给我好吗。 2) such...as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到会相信他的地步。 3) enough to do He didn39。 t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。 4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。 5) too...to do H。