高二英语阅读理解及改错技巧

高二英语阅读理解及改错技巧内容摘要：

c food ， 词组 “ the anic trend”的意思是 不断增长的对有机食品的兴趣 ， 故答案选 A。 同义词猜义 [例 1] He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. [例 2] The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady. 反义词猜义 [例 1] （ NMET99） 57题： We can infer from the text that “puterliterate” means _______. A. being able to afford a puter B. being able to write puter programs C. working with the puter and finding out its value D. understanding the puter and knowing how to use it 句中的 puterliterate 是生词 ， 根据下文所提供的信息： David does not see it that way. He says that puter town UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring puters to people and make them “peopleliterate”. 考 生 可 以 断 定“ puterliterate”与 “ peopleliterate”相反。 [例 2] Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely. 定义猜词 [例 1] （ 2020年上海春季高考 B篇 ） Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career ? [例 2]（ NMET03)65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word”baffle” as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people’s imagination. 这道词义猜测题也属定义猜测。 第三篇短文对 Fermat’s Last Theorem 一书的介绍中有 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句 ，句中谓语部分为并列的两个过去分词 ， 它们表达的意义相同 ， 只不过是加强语气而已。 我们从 beat的本意 “ 打败 ， 战胜 ”（ 在该句中意为 “ 使无法解答 ， 难倒 ” ）就可以猜测出 baffle在该句中的意义 ， 故答案为 B。 [例 3] The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. [例 4] （ NMET00） C篇： Decisionthinking is not unlike poker… . This card game has often been of considerable interest to people. 定义猜词时 ， 文中常有解释性词语引出生词含义 ， 如 that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等 ， 有时用破折号 ， 括弧来表示 ， 或者用同位语 、 定语从句的形式出现。 考生要通过上下文来寻求线索 ， 找到关键性的解释性词语或短语。 由对比关系猜词 [例 1]（ NMET00） A篇： Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories. 句中 panicked为生词 ， 数千人困在电梯中 ， 情况应该不妙 ， 可 but 引出的后半句却告诉我们 “ 人们还在讲故事消磨时间 ” ，因此 panicked 应为 “ 慌张 ” 、 “ 恐惧 ” 之意。 [例 2]（ NMET00） C篇： One mistaken idea about bossiness is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. 由前句中 perfect information 到后面imperfect information 这一组对比关系的词 ， 我们不难推断 “ Quite the reverse”应表示 “ 对比 、 相反 ” 的意思。 一般来说，表示对比关系时，句中常有两个意义相对比的词，只要把握其中一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中会有 unlike, although, but, while 等 信息词。 考生可以凭借信息词进行推测词义。 由因果关系猜词义 [例 1]（ NMET00） A篇： The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted. [例 2] （ 2020年上海春季高考 A篇） There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn. 表示因果关系时 ， 上下文中常有连词 because, as, since, so, therefore, so… that, such… that 连接 ， 由已知的“ 原因 ” 推出 “ 结果 ” ， 反之亦然。 由上下文情景关系猜词义 [例 1]（ NMET99） A篇 55题： What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “I’m on high”? A. I’m rich. B. I’m famous. C. I’m excited. D. Lucky 此题要求考生根据语篇情境猜测词语的意义。 考 生 从 文 中 可 以 看 出 Cory Luxmoore 丢失日记后 ， 深感难过 ， 后来日记失而复得 ， 他对记者说 “ It’s wonderful, I’m on high.”。 由此可以推断出 “ I’m on high”应是 “ 快乐 ， 激动 ”的意思。 由构词法来猜测词义 利用构词法知识猜测词义 ， 关键应在理解词根的基础上 ， 掌握前后缀规律 ， 如 re,non,un, im, in, dis 等前缀和 able, an, ive,ist, ise, ty, ness, less 等 ， 要懂得这些词缀与词干结合起来可组成新的单词 ，即派生词。 近年高考试卷中出现的派生词还 真 不 少 ， 如 imperfect, yellowish, popularity, inexpensive, rethink, unmistakable 等。 bi  two semihalf bimonthly biweekly bilateral bilingual bipartisan biplane semicircle semiconductor semifinished semidesert semiannual semimonthly Negative prefixes: 1. innot, without incorrect, informal, inhuman, inplete 2. imnot, without (before b, p, m) impolite, imperfect, impossible, immoral, improperly, imbalance, immortal 3. ilnot, without (before l) 4. irnot, without (before r) illegal, illogical irregular, irresponsible unreal, unclear, unfriendly, unhappy, unequal, unfair , unfinished, unusual, unwele, unmanned, unchanged, unlock, undress, unfold, untie 6. un opposite of , contrary to 5. unnot 7. nonnot nonstop, nonparty, nonwhite, nonsmoker, nondrinker, nonmember, nonmetal, 8. disnot, without dishonest, disabled, disappear, disagree, disbelieve, dislike, disadvantage 利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义 如 （ NMET00） D篇中有这样一段文字： When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life ? [NMET00] D: However, most of our ideas about the future are really very shortsighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred ? the next thousand ? The next million ? 请看下题： I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar. 同类关系常由 such as, like, for example, for instance等词列举同类词汇。 （三）作出判断和推理 事实推理（ inference） 语气心绪的识别（ tones and moods） 评价判断（ evaluation） [NMET03]72. The growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to________. A. the rapid development of small business B. the opening up of new markets C. the printing of high quality copies D. the increased use of the inter 这是一道 事实判断题。 文章第二段说很难计算出因为互联网的应用所使用纸张的数量。 再根据办公室工作人员所说。