高考英语分词语法复习

高考英语分词语法复习内容摘要：

老是）做某事 She had us working day after day. I don’t have you speaking so rudely to me. 2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事发生（被做），请或让别人做 You’d better have/get your hair cut. They should have him examined by a good doctor. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday. 三、 现在分词的时态 肯定式 否定式 一般式 doing not doing 完成式 having done not having done 1. 现在分词的一般形式 (doing) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时 发生，或在谓语动作 之前 发生。 I entered the room, I found him reading. teacher came in ,holding a flower in her left hand. 3. Examining the patient carefully, the doctor paid special attention to the pain in his chest. (having done) 现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生 在谓语动作之前。 完成时态的现在分词在句中经常作状语。 Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. Having examined the patient carefully, the doctor went out of the ward to have a consultation with other doctors. 四、现在分词被动形式 肯定形式 否定形式 一般式 being done not being done 完成式 having been done not having been done △ 在表示一个 被动 的 动作 时，如果这个动作是现刻 正在进行 的，或是 与谓语 表示的 动作同时发生 的，就可以用 现在分词的被动形式。 这种形式可以作 定语、状语 或 构成复合宾语 That building being repaired is our library. （ 定语） He asked who was the man being operated on. （ 定语） You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （ 宾语补足语） As we entered the village, we saw new houses being built. （ 宾语补足语） △ 有时还有完成被动形式 ， 如： Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room. Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.（ 状语） Being examined by the doctor, the patient felt a pain in the chest. （ 状语） 五、独立结构 在用分词短语作状语时 , 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致 , 否则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语 , 这种结构称为 :独 立 结 构 独 立 结 构 独立结构可以表示 伴随 动作或情况 , 表示 时间 、原因 、 条件 等 , 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴随情况 ) The shower being over, we continued to march. (时间 ) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因 ) Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. (条件 ) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The position written, he handed it to the teacher. 六、分词的用法比较、区别 项目 分词 时态 语态 现在分词 进行 主动 过去分词 完成 被动 过去分词 在时态上强调动作已经 完成 ，在语态上侧重于 被动 ； 而 现在分词 在时态上强调动作正在 进行 ，在语态上侧重于 主动。 这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。 细述如下： 定语 表语 宾补 状语 五 六 七 （一）、分词作定语 共同点： 分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 不同点： 分词作定语时，被分词 所修饰的名词 就是该分词的 逻辑主语。 但 现在分词 与逻辑主语之间是 主动关系 ，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而 过去分词 则表示 被动关系 ，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing ’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意 “ 一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。 ” 可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。 因此，该题应 选 B。 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。 因此，该题应 选 C。 简析：该题应 选 B。 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应 选 A。 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析：该题应 选 A。 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited puter centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析：该题应 选 D。 测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句“ which was opened last year”代替 first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应 选 D。 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which were written （二）、分词作表语 共同点： 分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。 不同点： 分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。 但 现在分词 作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是 主动关系 ，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生 ；而 过去分词 则表示 被动关系 ，所示动作一般发生在 谓语动词之前或同时发生。 news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首。