人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练内容摘要:

二 . 写出下列名词的复数形式 ( 1) noodles ( 2) teeth ( 3) mendoctors ( 4) feet ( 5) mice ( 6) potatoes ( 7) photos ( 8) families ( 9) wolves ( 10) knives ( 11) women ( 12) policemen ( 13) beds ( 14) grades ( 15) classes ( 16) boxes ( 17) shelves ( 18) fish ( 19) sheep ( 20) deer ( 21) tomatoes ( 22) heroes ( 23) hamburgers ( 24) clothes ( 25) trousers ( 26) shoes ( 27) wives ( 28) halves ( 29) churches ( 30) jackets ( 31) boots ( 32) sweaters ( 33) blouses ( 34) shirts ( 35) necklaces ( 36) dresses ( 37) umbrellas ( 38) watches ( 39) purses ( 40) cities ( 41) monkeys ( 42) boys 三 . 选词填空,完成下面的对话。 ( 1) everything ( 2) some ( 3) any ( 4) any ( 5) any ( 6) A few ( 7) many ( 8) much ( 9) a little ( 10) any ( 11) much ( 12) anything ( 13) some ( 14) a lot of 四 . 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 ( 1) worse, worst ( 2) cleaner, cleanest ( 3) dirtier, dirtiest ( 4) bigger, biggest ( 5) smaller, smallest ( 6) worse, worst ( 7) less, least ( 8) harder, hardest ( 9) happier, happiest ( 10) farther, farthest ( 11) better, best ( 12) slower, slowest ( 13) easier, easiest ( 14) newer, newest ( 15) younger, youngest ( 16) ruder, rudest ( 17) quieter, quietest ( 18) drier, driest ( 19) cheaper, cheapest ( 20) uglier, ugliest ( 21) busier, busiest ( 22) older, oldest ( 23) noisier, noisiest ( 24) hotter, hottest ( 25) colder, coldest ( 26) faster, fastest ( 27) more, most ( 28) wetter, wettest ( 29) earlier, earliest ( 30) brighter, brightest ( 31) more boring, most boring ( 32) more careful, most careful ( 33) more quietly, most quietly ( 34) more expensive, most expensive ( 35) more difficult, most difficult ( 36) more interesting, most interesting ( 37) more beautiful, most beautiful 五 . 观察下列表格,并回答问题。 ( 1) summer ( 2) cabbage ( 3) summer ( 4) cauliflower ( 5) winter 六 . 用所给词的正 确形式填空: 1. big, bigger, the biggest 2. expensive, cheaper, the cheapest 3. good, the best 4. beautiful, more beautiful 5. the most difficult, the most difficult, easier 七 . 将下列句子译成英文: 1. Sam is a happy kid. He loves studying and he is friendly to others. He is the most popular student in the class. 2. In China, there are the best and most TV stations in Beijing, Beijing is also one of the biggest city in China. 3. I’m busy in my family. My mom is busier than me. But my father is the busiest. 语法专项 II 动词 一 . 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面根据动词的特点进行归类,并提供一些辨别方法,以便于理解和掌握。 1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词),表示动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必须加宾语,意义才完整,不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。 eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 连系动词本身有一定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,常见的连系动词有: be, look, sound, get, bee等。 eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和主要动词构成谓语,表 示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式。 常见的助动词有: be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg: Do you have a brother? Have you got an EnglishChinese dictionary? I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有: can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time. 二 . 动词的时态: (一)时态概述:作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态,就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词 be, have( has)等,用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. (二)一般现在时: 1. 动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾 s,另外 be 和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾 s时要注意: 情况 加法 例词 一般情况 加 s reads, writes, says 以 ch, sh, s, x, 或 o收尾的词 加 es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以 “辅音字母 +y”结尾的词 变 y为 i再加 es try- tries carry- carries 读音: 情况 读法 例词 在 [p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 [ s] helps, hates, asks, laughs 在 [s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 [ iz] faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges 在其他情况下 [ z] plans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示: ( 1)经常性或习惯性的动 作,常与这样的时间状语连用: always, often, usually, sometimes等 eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. ( 2)表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. ( 3)表示客观 、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100℃ The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词 do, does的方式构成。 第三人称单数加 does, 其他加 do,这时动词一概用原形;动词 be只需与主语位置对调就行了。 eg: Do you like English? Do they have story books? What does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般现在时的否定式是 do not( don’t)或 does not ( doesn’t)+动词原形来构成的, be动词做谓语动词只需在 be后加 not构成否定。 eg: I don’t like oranges at all. She doesn’t work in the TV station. They aren’t students. I’m not busy every weekend. 三 . 现在进 行时: 1. 动词变化:现在进行时由 “am /is /are+动词现在分词 ”构成。 加 ing的规则如下: ( 1)一般在动词原形末尾加 ing。 如: stay- staying do- doing listen- listening suffer- suffering work- working spend- spending look- looking ( 2)以不发音的字母 e结尾的动词,先去掉 e,再加 ing。 如: make- making take- taking give- giving ride- riding please- pleasing。
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