09届高考英语介词和介词短语

09届高考英语介词和介词短语内容摘要：

e was sitting near (to) me. close to She was sitting nearer to/ nearest to /next to me. closer to/ closest to Her house is opposite (to) mine. [facing] (6)空间： around。 round。 about。 around和 round指围绕的位置或物体的运动。 We were sitting around /round the campfire. The spaceship is traveling around/ round the globe. about和 around“在某一范围里”或“在 … 里面的不同部位”。 The guests were standing about/around the room. There are very few taxis about/around here. 相对位置还可由通常表示“通过”或“路线”的介词表达： The tree lay across the road. The road runs through the tunnel. (7)空间 : between。 among。 between将某一物体的位置与特定的或单一的某组分离物体联系起来。 among将非分离的物体联系起来 . The house stands between two farms. The house stands among farms. (8)相对的目的地 :over。 under。 behind。 (没有通过的意义 ) He threw a blanket over her. The bush was the only conceivable hiding place, so I dashed behind it. When it started to rain, we all went underneath the trees. (9)通过意义 :over。 under。 behind. 这类介词与移动动词连用 ,既表示目的地等概念 ,又可表示通过 (即向某处移动 ,然后离开 )的概念 . He jumped over a ditch(渠道 ). Someone ran behind the goalposts. (10)通过 : across。 through。 past。 on the grass across the grass in the grass through the grass (11)定向路线移动 : up。 down。 along。 across。 around。 towards。 We walked up the hill and down the other side. 但在习惯用法中 , up和 down也用于指水平轴线 ,相当于along沿着的意思 . I walked up and down the platform. She walked up/down the street. along表示“从一端向另一端 (from one end towards the other)”或“在一条与 … 平行的线上（ in a line parallel with）” We walked along the street, just looking at people. I took my dog for a walk along the river. along与 across在水平轴线上相对立 Be careful when you walk across a street. around表示定向路线有拐角或弧度 They ran around the corner. towards表示“朝向 … 方向”（ in the direction of）的“实际的”或“隐含的”两种意义 We walked towards the old farmhouse. The windows faces towards the south. Is this the bus to Oxford? She glanced over her shoulder. He spoke into the microphone. (12)方位： beyond。 over。 past。 up。 across。 beyond主要指方位 over。 past。 up。 across和 through即表示方位，又和线、面、容积概念相结合 The village is past the bus stop./through the wood. up。 down。 along。 around在下例中用来指轴线的方位 Her office is up the stairs / down the stairs. We live just around the corner. He lives up/ down/ along/ across the road the road from me. from me表示方位点。 (13)结果含义： from。 out of。 over。 past。 [已经到达目的地的状态 ] The horse jumped over the fence. The horse are over the fence. 这些词可以和副词 already。 just。 at last。 not yet等连用表示结果。 At last we are out of the forest. When you’re past the next obstacle, you can relax. (14)遍及意义： over。 through。 with over和 through具有遍及的意义，尤其是当他们与 all连用时 ： That child was running all over the flower borders. throughout的含义是 all through,唯有这个介词主要表示“遍及” The epidemic(流行病 ) has spread throughout the country. all along。 all around。 也用来表示遍及 There were crowds all along the route. They put flowers all around the country. with在下列词组中也表示具有遍及的意义 The ground was covered with snow. The garden was buzzing with bees. surrounded with。 loaded with。 paved with等。 （ 15） over的 8种含义： 位置： A lamp hung over the door. 目的地 : They threw a blanket over her. 通过： They climbed over the wall. 方位： They live over the road. 结果： At last we were over the crest of the hill. 遍及（静态）： Leaves lay thick all over the ground. 遍及（移动）： They splashed(泼 ) water over me. 伴随情况： We discussed it over a glass of wine. (16)地点介词的比喻用法或抽象用法 (难点、重点 ) in shallow water in deep water in difficulties in a tough spot A)位置 状态 to be in /out of danger to keep out of trouble to be in/out of office to be out of a job to be in difficulties B)包含存在 … 之内 抽象的包含 in books/plays in/out of race in a group/party C) into/out of目的地 抽象的情况或环境 He got into difficulties/ trouble/debt/ a fight. Can you get me out of this mess? D) in/on位置 成员资格，参与 in the army on the board/ mittee/ project E) above/ below/ beneath垂直方向。