江苏省20xx-20xx学年高二英语上学期期中试题

江苏省20xx-20xx学年高二英语上学期期中试题内容摘要：

rease consumers’ preference for brands. Particularly for novel brands, much exposure and repetition is necessary to establish the brand name in the first place. Do you still remember your feeling when you see or hear the names YAHOO or GOOGLE for the first time? Now they are imprinted in your brain. Basic psychological research has already shown that repeatedly perceived (感知 ) information is easier to be remembered for the brain process. Recent research has shown that repetition effects actually are originally caused from the mouth. Each time we e across a person’s or product name, the lips and the tongue automatically simulate (模仿 ) the pronunciation of that name. This happens without our awareness and without actual mouth movements. During inner speech, the brain attempts to say the novel name. When names are presented repeatedly, this simulation happens repeatedly. However, if this inner speech is disturbed, for instance during chewing gum or whispering another word, the repetition effect vanishes. An interesting experiment was conducted in movie theaters. 96 participants were invited to a real movie theater and were presented a block of mercials and a movie later on. Half of the participants received popcorn to eat. For them, the mouth was occupied with chewing the popcorn so the mouth muscles could not engage in inner speech when watching the ads for the novel brands. The other half of the participants only received a small sugar cube, which dissolved quickly in their mouth so that the mouth muscles were free to simulate the pronunciation of the brand names. The participants were invited to the lab one week after the cinema session. They were presented with images of products. Half of these products had been advertised in the cinema session。 the other half were pletely novel products. Participants were asked to indicate the products that they liked, and their physiological (生理的 ) responses were measured. Those participants who had only received a sugar cube proved that there was a clear advertising effect. They preferred advertised novel products and also showed positive physiological responses of familiarity for advertised products. However, those participants who had eaten popcorn while watching the mercials one week before showed no such advertising effect. 59. Why does the author mention Yahoo and Google in Paragraph One? A. To remind readers of brand names. B. To prove the influence of repetition. C. To pare the effects of two brands. D. To draw readers’ attention to the research. 60. What does the underlined word “vanish” probably mean? A. Disappear. B. Improve. C. Reduce. D. Occur. 61. One week after the cinema session, the participants who ate sugar cube ________. A. held positive attitude toward movies B. showed preference for advertisements C. tended to choose the advertised products D. felt familiar with the mercials and the movies 62. Where is the passage likely to have been taken from? A. A psychological report. B. An entertainment website. C. A mercial advertisement. D. A popular science magazine. C Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice. Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a plicated and novel fashion. We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the coldwater zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but lowlevel stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed. The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓 ) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred preexercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶 ) called PGC1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the coldwater zone. Their high levels of PGC1alpha appeared to make them depressionresistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers plete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查 ) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC1alpha than at the study’s start. The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the。