茶薪菇常见病害及防治内容摘要:
1、薪菇是近年来国内外市场上深受欢迎的一种珍稀菇品,但由于发生病虫害比较多,栽培者义往往未能准确识别症状和病原,而盲目采用化学农药处理,导致菇体受害,栽培效益欠佳。 现将常见的浸染性病害的症状、病原及防治措施介绍如下:一、褐腐病受害的子实体停止生长,菌盖、菌柄腐烂、发臭。 病原菌为疣孢霉,主要是通过被污染的水或接触病菇的手、工具等传播而引起发病。 防治措施:(一)搞好菇棚消毒。 (二)出菇期间用水要清洁,注意通风换气。 (三)及时摘除并销毁受害菇,加大通风量,降低棚内湿度。 (四)采用链霉素 50 倍溶液喷洒菌袋杀菌,避免病害复发。 二、软腐病受害的菇体弯曲软倒,最后枯死,僵缩。 病原菌为茄腐镰孢霉,在高温高湿条 2、件下发病率高。 防治措施:(一)原料暴晒,菌袋灭菌要彻底。 (二)接种选择在气温低时进行。 (三)菌袋开口前,用 50的敌敌畏乳油1000 倍液喷洒杀菌,开口后温度控制在 2325,空间相对湿度控制在80。 (四)幼菇阶段发病,可喷洒 为 8 的石灰水上清液,或用 20的三唑铜乳油 1500 倍液喷雾。 三、猝倒病病菇菌柄收缩干枯,不发育,凋萎,但不腐烂。 病原菌为腐皮镰孢霉。 培养料质量差或装料灭菌时间长时易发病。 防治措施:(一)培养料要求新鲜优质。 (二)装袋后及时灭菌。 (三)发菌期间防止高温烧菌,防阳光直射。 (四)一旦发病应提前采收,并及时挖去受害部位的基料,喷药消毒。 四、霉烂病受害子实体出现发霉,变黑,烂倒,有氨水臭味。 病原菌为绿色木霉,多因料袭灭菌不彻底而发病。 防治措施:(一)注意菇棚及周围环境的消毒。 (二)严格执行无菌操作。 (三)发病后,将病袋及时移出处理,并做好菇棚的消毒工作。 专利查询。茶薪菇常见病害及防治
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