高中英语unit2cloningsection3课件新人教版选修8内容摘要:
kinds of extinct dinosaurs,proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people39。 s hearts. 在 《 侏罗纪公园 》 这部影片中 , 一位科学家克隆了几种已绝种的恐龙。 类似 《 侏罗纪公园 》 的电影很受欢迎证明了这一想法让人觉得既恐惧又兴奋。 本句的主干是 The popularity...proves..., 句中 how引导宾语从句;主句中又包含 in which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 先行词为 Jurassic Park。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 There are sixty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有 60个学生 , 大多数来自大城市。 注意: “ 介词+关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句一般根据三个原则来确定介词: ① 根据从句的谓语动词; ② 根据先行词; ③根据句子意思。 但也有许多考题需要我们把从句补充完整 , 建立与主句的联系 , 才能找到这个介词与句中其他部分的关系。 活学活用 用恰当词填空 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ ________had taken more than three years. 答案: of which 考查定语从句。 句意:她带领游客参观这家博物馆。 这家博物馆的建设历经三年多才完工。 定语从句中 whose+名词= of which+ the+名词= the+名词+ of which,由此可知答案为 of which。 2. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. 种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。 (1)本句是简单句 , 动名词短语 having animals...作 means的宾语 , with复合结构 (即 “ with+宾语+宾补 ” 结构 )作后置定语 , arrange与 their genes为动宾关系。 (2) with 复合结构的构成: with +宾语 ( n . / pr on . ) +宾补 形容词 表状态 副词介词短语现在分词 表主动 过去分词 表被动 不定式 表将来 (3)with复合结构的用法: 作定语 She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. 她看到一条两岸长着红花和绿草的小溪。 作状语 ① She left the office with tears in her eyes. 她眼里含着泪 , 离开了办公室。 (表示伴随状况 ) ② With his key lost, he couldn39。 t get into the office. 由于钥匙丢了 , 他进不了办公室。 (表示原因 ) ③ The children began to watch TV with the homework done. 孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。 (表示时间 ) ④ I39。 d like to see the new film with time permitting. 如果时间许可 , 我想看那部新电影。 (表示条件 ) ⑤ The battle ended with the enemy defeated. 战斗结束了 , 敌人被打败了。 (表示结果 ) 巧学助记 with 复合结构用法口诀 with结构并不难 , with后面宾语连 , 动宾关系用过分 , 主谓关系用现分 , 将来要把不定跟 , 还有三种形副介。 活学活用 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)With so many essays________(write), he won39。 t have time to go shopping this morning. 答案: to write (2)He felt more uneasy with the whole class________(stare)at him. 答案: staring (3)With a growing number of college graduates________ (consider)themselves to belong to the lower levels of society,experts suggest that students lower their expectations of the job market. 答案: considering 句意:面对自认处于较低社会层次的大学毕业生人数的增加 , 专家们建议大学生们应该降低对就业市场的期望值。 在 with复合结构中 , graduates与 consider为主动关系 , 因此用动词 ing形式作宾语补足语。 3. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo. 任何绝种的动物 , 如果一经克隆便注定要生活在动物园里的话 , 那是不公平的。 本句是虚拟条件句 , 且表示的是与将来事实相反的假设。 虚拟条件句在不同虚拟条件下 , 主从句谓语形式一览表: 虚拟情况 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在事 实相反 一般过去时 (be动词通常用 were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 与过去事 实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might+ have done 与将来事 实相反 一般过去时或 were to+动词原形或should+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨 , 会议将延期。 If I had lots of money, I would buy a car. 如果我有很多钱 , 我就买一辆小汽车。 If he had won the game, he would not have been so sad. 如果他赢得比赛的话 , 他就不会那么悲伤。 注意: 若条件从句中含有 were, had, should等 , 可将 if去掉 , 并把 were, should或 had提到主语前。 Had you studied hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你努力学的话 , 你早已通过考试了。 Should I not take the exam tomorrow, I would go for a piic with you. 如果明天不考试的话 , 我就和你一起去晚餐。 活学活用 用恰当词语填空 (1)(2020真题改编 北京 )If I________(see)it with my own eyes , I wouldn39。 t have believed it. 答案: hadn39。 t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到 , 我不会相信。 根据后半句 wouldn39。 t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。 所以从句是 if+主语+ had done的形式。 故填 hadn39。 t seen。 (2)(真题改编 北京 )We ________ (be)back in the hotel now if you didn39。 t lose the map. 答案: would be 考查虚拟语气。 根据从句的时态可知 ,空格处表示对现在情况的假设 , 再结合 if虚拟句的特点可知应填 would be。 句意:要是你没有把地图弄丢了的话 , 我们现在就已经回到旅馆了。 (3)( 真 题 改 编 福建 )________ (be)there no modern telemunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 答案: Were 考查虚拟语气的倒装。 根据主句中的 would have to wait可知 , 空格处应表示对现在情况的假设 , 故从句用一般过去式;另外 , 当 if从句中含有 be动词 were及助动词 had时 , 可以把主语和 if省略 , 同时把 were或 had提前 , 构成倒装句。 句意:如果没有现代化的电信设施的话 , 我们将不得不等候好几周的时间来获得来自世界各地的消息。 4. Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知 , 你不可。高中英语unit2cloningsection3课件新人教版选修8
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