工业工程导论制造系统的设计工程设计(编辑修改稿)

工业工程导论制造系统的设计工程设计(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

入21世纪 ， 现代制造模式的特点呈现为集成特性 、 快速响应 、 以顾客为中心 、 满意质量以及绿色特性。 现代制造系统模式为适应 21世纪制造业的需要不断发展 ， 其发展趋势可用 “ 五化 ” 简要描述 ， 即集成化 、 全球化 、 网络信息化 、 柔性化和绿色化。 IE发展的时代特征 研究对象和应用范围逐步扩大到整个生产系统甚至网络化制造系统，并日益注重用系统观点和系统工程方法来处理问题； 广泛采用计算机强化信息的采集、处理、传输、开发MIS与 DSS等计算机辅助管理系统和信息化、智能化、网络化制造系统； 突出重视生产率和质量的研究； 努力实现不断改善可持续发展和综合创新这一现代 IE的本质功能； 重视人的作用、注重人与机器的最佳配合； 重视形成面向问题的适宜的 IE工作模式。 工业工程的基本方法 系统分析方法 ——解决“干什么” 系统设计方法 ——解决“怎样干” 创造性技术 系统图表法 改进时遵守的“ ECRS”四大原则 “ECRS”四大原则  E: Eliminate，取消。 在经过“ 5W1H”之后，若结论为不必要，则予以取消。 Case1: In a setup operation, adjustment typically took a large portion of the operator39。 s time. But simple solutions can often be found to eliminate adjustment work. If die height was standardized so that setup was much simpler, then eliminate the adjustment process. The same idea may be applied in other areas such as eliminating horizontal adjustment by providing locator pins or standardizing bolt heads. “ECRS”四大原则  C: Combine，合并。 对必要的工序、操作或动作，则应考虑能否通过合并达到省时简化的目的。 Case 2: To improve stamping（冲压） capacity, a specially designed grabbing（抓） device (an iron hand) was installed to take the stamped part out of the machine quickly, utilizing the upward moving force of the machine. With this arrangement, the upward force, which in itself does not add value to the product, is now bined with the work of the iron hand. Since this device was designed to reach the part even before the upper die reached the highest point of its stroke, additional stamping capacity was gained. “ECRS”四大原则  R: Rearrange，重排。 经取消、合并后，可在根据“何人、何处、何时”三提问进行重排，制定最佳工作、操作和动作顺序。 Case 3: A machining operation used two machines, each handled by a different operator. Since each machine was highly automated, the operators39。 time was not well utilized. They spent most of their time watching the machine operation adding no value to the product. By moving the machines closer together and bining the work, one operator could run both machines and still produce the same total output. “ECRS”四大原则  S: Simplify，简化。 最后可考虑能否采用最简单的方法与设备，以节省人力、时间和费用。 Case 4: In an assembly operation, an operator was using two different parts for making two different products. Because the two parts were s。