20xx年考研英语大纲样题(编辑修改稿)

20xx年考研英语大纲样题(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

technology available for marketing. Until recently, Inter marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past year, however, software panies have developed tools that allow panies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers39。 puter monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a pany39。 s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen es there by specific request. Once mercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That39。 s a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that panies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of puting power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few panies took the online plunge. 31. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business [A] has been striving to expand its market. [B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion. [C] tried but in vain to control the market. [D] has been booming for one year or so. 32. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that [A] the technology is popular with many Web users. [B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions. [C] there is a radical change in strategy. [D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners. 33. In the view of Net purists, [A] there should be no marketing messages in online culture. [B] money making should be given priority to on the Web. [C] the Web should be able to function as the television set. [D] there should be no online mercial information without requests. 34. We learn from the last paragraph that [A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Inter merce. 2020 年英语大纲样题 沪江考研 [B] interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers. [C] leading panies began to take the online plunge decades ago. [D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of puting power. 35. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to [A] urge active participation in online business. [B] elaborate on various marketing strategies. [C] pare web business with traditional merce. [D] illustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy. TEXT 4 In the last half of the nieenth century capital and labour were enlarging and perfecting their rival anizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability pany with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so monly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and stateowned business. The railway panies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability pany and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners。 and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nieenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world39。 s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large fortable classes who had retired on their ines, and who had no relation to the rest of the munity except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders39。 meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand Shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the pany was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and anization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the wor。