食品工业污水处理外文翻译-环境工程(编辑修改稿)

食品工业污水处理外文翻译-环境工程(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

en the wastewaters dumped by those Ukrainian vegetable oil producing enterprises whose purification facilities are all but unused due to their technical deficiency. As a result of this, the polluted wastewaters, which do not correspond to the requirements of the Law of Ukraine ―About protection of environment‖ and ―Regulations for Protection of Surface Waters from Wastewater Pollution‖, are dumped into open water bodies. As of today, the main problem of such facilities is the vast amount of wastewaters which are discharged in the process of production. These wastewaters flowing from extraction and refinement workshops are heavily polluted with organic substances (neutral fats, phospholipids, organic acids etc), both in dissolved condition and in the form of suspended solids and emulsion. It is not possible to dump such wastewaters into open water bodies without prior purification. The enterprise regarded it as economically unsound to neutralise discharges using sodium hydroxide because a lot of sodium hydroxide is needed while the water body would get even more polluted. Wastewaters are characterised by high degree of turbidity (dimness)。 the appearance of the substance resembles shaken emulsion of suspended substances in the form of tiny flakes having a sharp unpleasant smell of rancid fat exposed to rotting processes. 以研究为基础，我们通过乌克兰的植物油生产 企业选择废弃的污水，那些企业的净化设施由于工艺缺陷几乎不用。 因此， 不符合乌克兰 ―关于保护环境 ‖和 ―保护地表水 污水 污染条例 ‖法律要求 的 污染 污水 排入开放的水体。 从今天开始 ， 主要问题是这些设备在生产过程中大量排放的污水。 这些来自提纯和精炼的车间的污水 含有大量的有机污染物 (中性脂肪、磷脂、有机酸等 )，以 悬浮液和乳浊液 的形式溶解。 事先未经净化的污水不可能 排放 在开放的水体中。 企业出于 经济问题 的考虑 不会中和 排放的氢氧化钠，虽然水体会造成更严重的污染，但是氢氧化钠是必须的。 污水特色是高度的浑浊 (浑浊 )；外表类似悬浮液摇动后 的 乳浊液 ，以微小的鳞片 形式存在，并有腐败过程产生的难闻的腐臭气味。 Experimental part 实验部分 In order to design a method for purification of the aforementioned wastewaters, we have conducted a series of experimental investigation. A quality assessment (in terms of content of polluting substances) of cooking oilproduction wastewater was made using physical and chemical methods of analysis. A degree of pollution of wastewater was determined in terms of the following indicators (Table 1). 为了设计出一种净化 上述 污水 的方法，我们已经进行了一系列的实 验研究。 烹饪产生的含油 污水 质量 的 评价 (污染物质 的指标 )采用物理和化学的分析方法。 污水 的污染程度 取决于以下指标(表 1)。 Table 1. Quality indicators of wastewaters from the examined oilproducing facilities 表 1 从含 油 污水 设备 中检查出的质量指标 No. Wastewater indicator quality Measuring unit Values(de facto) Values(normal) 1 Iron (general) mg/dm179。 2 Ammonia mg/dm179。 3 Phosphates mg/dm179。 4 Suspended substances mg/dm179。 15 5 Dry residue mg/dm179。 200 6 Synthetic surface active mg/dm179。 substances (anionic) 7 Fats mg/dm179。 8 Biological demand5 (BOD5) oxygen mg/dm179。 15 9 pH value mg/dm179。 编号 污水 指标 品质 计量单位 实际值 正常值 1 铁 (总体 ) mg/dm179。 2 氨 mg/dm179。 3 磷酸盐 mg/dm179。 4 悬浮物 mg/dm179。 15 5 干残渣 mg/dm179。 200 6 表面合成物质 (阴离子 ) 活性的 mg/dm179。 7 脂肪 mg/dm179。 8 BOD5 氧 mg/dm179。 15 9 PH值 mg/dm179。 In order to determine BOD5, a neutralisation of the examined water sample was made and the water sample was dissolved using a specially prepared, oxygensaturated water containing nutrients。 incubation of the sample lasting a certain period of time (5 days) at t176。 = 20177。 1176。 С without air and light access in an entirely filled and corked bottle。 concentration of dissolved oxygen before and after the incubation period was determined by the method of voluminal iodometric titration。 turbidity of the water sample was determined using the photometric method of analysis (turbidimetric method). 为了确定 BOD5, 制作经检测水样的中和液 ，然后倒入一种特别的准备好的、含饱和氧、含有机物的水；保持水样一段时间（ 5 天）恒温 20177。 1 摄氏度，满满地放入完全隔绝空气、光照的用瓶塞塞住的瓶子；用碘量滴定的体积表示恒温培养期前后的浓度；水样的浊度用分光光度法（浊度滴定法）。 For identification of fat content of wastewaters, the thinlayer chromatography method was applied with silica gel ―H‖ plates produced by Merk pany, layer thickness = mm. Chromatography was made in the following systems: 为辨认污水 中 脂肪的含量 ， 薄层色谱法 应用 默克公司生产的 硅胶 ―H‖板 ， 厚度 =。 色谱分析法 在下列 溶液 中 : Direction 1: chloroform: methanol: 25 % aqueous solution of ammonium in the following proportions: 65252. Direction 2: chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: water。 proportions: 8515103. 方法 1： 氯仿 ： 甲醇 ： 25%的硝酸铵水溶液 ：比例 :65252。 方法 2： 氯仿 ： 甲醇 ： 醋酸 ： 水 ； 比例 :8515103。 After preliminary neutralisation and deposition of sulphates, the wastew。