韩国的收入、消费及贫困外文翻译(编辑修改稿)

韩国的收入、消费及贫困外文翻译(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

n laborers. In 2020, however, they were only 16 percentage points behind, indicating a gain of 19 percentage points over the period in question. Table V examines changes in the consumption structure of worker households after adjusting for the housing costs that were underestimated in the analysis reported by the government. Specifically, the opportunity cost of the lumpsum deposits and the imputed rents of owneroccupied housing were taken into account in order to estimate, accurately, the percentage figures for food and other consumption items. The most notable feature of Table V concerns steady and significant declines in the Engel coefficients from 55 in 1963, to 21 in 2020. As a result of such declines in food consumption, Korean workers have been able to spend more on such items as medical care, education, transportation, and munications. Of all those nonfood items, the relative level of spending has increased to the greatest extent in the “other” consumption category, which covers furniture, electronic equipment, and entertainment expenses. These items are generally considered to be luxuries rather than necessities. The sixfold rise in this category from 2 to 12 percentage points is evidence of the remarkable improvement in the standard of living of the Korean working class during the past four decades. Noheless, it should be noted that housing costs have bee the single most important item in the worker’s householdbudget. Housing and food costs together constitute almost half of How does the Korean workers’ standard of living pare with what has been observed in the other developed and developing countries? The World Development Report (here in after the WDR), published by the World Bank, provides relevant data for a crossnational parison. Table VI summarizes the consumption structures of sixtythree countries grouped into four categories: the lowine countries。 lowermiddleine countries。 upper middleine countries。 and highine countries. According to the World Bank, Korea currently belongs to the uppermiddle ine group. Table VI contains three separate estimates for Korea by line. Line (1) contains the original figures reported in the 1990 WDR in which Korea was listed as an uppermiddleineeconomy. Line (2) lists the figures derived from the 1985 UHIES data, which cover the same period as the WDR. Line (3), on the other hand, reports the figures adjusted for housing costs. Of these three estimates, the third is widely considered the most realistic one. In terms of housing costs, Korea tops countries in the upper middle ine group, and joins the ranks of the high ine group (% versus %). In terms of food costs, Korea looks more likethe upper ine group (34% versus 31%) than the high ine group. In terms of expenses for luxury items, listed in the “other” category, Korea resembles the low middle ine group (%versus %) more than the upper ine group. This finding makes it clear that Korea’s appearance as a high or upper middle ine country is highly deceptive as far as the overall quality of economic life among workers is concerned. As pared to their peers in affluent countries, Korean workers have relatively less to spend for items other than。