防火安全外文文献及翻译(编辑修改稿)

防火安全外文文献及翻译(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ssistance that is required. It will also provide a means for the fire brigade to instruct the occupants. Buildings greater than three storeys and less than 25m Buildings that are greater than three storeys and less than 25m, have different fire safety issues than buildings greater than 25m. The most notable of these is the fire brigade is able to rescue occupants and fight the fire externally, provided adequate access is provided and a window exists. The travel distances are also reduced, decreasing the time for occupants to evacuate and the fire brigade to reach the transfer of information may also increase, as occupants are relatively closer together. This increases their ability to municate with other occupants and to perceive visual and audible cues. Evacuation in buildings greater than three storeys and less than 25m This emergency strategy relies on the protection of the egress paths as well as the protection of the occupants in their partments before they evacuate. The protection of the egress paths is critical to ensure occupants are not evacuating through untenable conditions. Egress travel distances are less and therefore, the duration of occupant exposure to smoke is reduced. In a sprinkler protected building, protection is provided by: 1. The sprinkler system. 2. Compartmentation and mechanical systems. The apartments, corridors and stair shafts are remended to have a FRR of at least 30 minutes. This will protect occupants before and during egress. Selfclosers and smoke seals should be provided on all escape path doors. 3. The final level of protection is the fire brigade. In a nonsprinkler protected building the levels of protection are 2 and 3, however the following other fire safety measures will be introduced to increase the level of protection: 1. Increase FRR to at least 60 minutes to allow the plete burn out of the apartment without fire spread into the corridors or adjacent rooms. 2. Selfclosers on doors to contain the fire and smoke spread. 3. Refuge areas in stairs for disabled occupants. 4. Stair lobbies to provide two smoke and fire barriers for occupants in the stair refuge areas. Non evacuation in buildings greater than three storeys and less than 25m A nonevacuation strategy relies on protection of occupants in their apartments. There is a greater reliance on the fire brigade to extinguish the fire and assist in the evacuation after the fire is extinguished. The fire brigade can rescue occupants externally via ladders and fight the fire externally. In a sprinkler protected building the levels of protection are: 1. The sprinkler system. 2. Compartmentation and mechanical systems. The rooms will have a remended FRR of at least 60 minutes to protect the occupants. The fire resistance rating should be designed so that the plete burn out of the apartment will not result in further fire spread. Selfclosers and smoke seals should be provided on all doors. This is to contain the fire in the apartment of origin and reduce smoke spread into other apartments. 3. The final level of protection is the fire brigade. The building alarm will be connected to the fire brigade to reduce the fire brigade response a nonsprinkler protected building the levels of protection are 2 and 3, as listed above, however the following other fire safety measures will be introduced to increase the level of protection: 1. The fire resistance rating will be increased to at least 90 minutes. This will ensure the plete burn out of the apartment can occur without further firespread. Buildings less than three storeys Buildings less than three storeys are generally the maximum size of a building without egress distances in these buildings would typically be within the building code’s maximum allowable travel distances, and may not require fire rated stair shafts. The relatively short travel distances result in short movement times, and a fast response from the fire brigade on the arrival. If necessary, occupants could also use unconventional escape routes, for example garden ladders or climbing down balconies. The fire brigade can also rescue occupants externally via ladder and fight the fire externally. The lack of lifts in buildings of this size may limit the number of mobility impaired occupants that would be present. In general, mobility impaired occupants would be located on the ground floor, where they would be able to escape directly to safety. If disabled The Fire Safety Design of Apartment Buildings Department of Civil Engineering page 92 University of Canterbury occupants are present, it is remended that they remain in their apartments and wait for rescue. Therefore, they would use a nonevacuation strategy. Evacuation in buildings less than three storeys This emergency strategy relies on occupants escaping quickly. Without fire rated stair shafts the occupants have to travel a relatively short unprotected distance to make final also need to be protected in their apartments before they attempt to escape. In a sprinkler protected building the levels of protection are: 1. The sprinkler system. 2. Compartmentation and mechanical systems. The apartments are remended to have a FRR of at least 30 minutes to protect the occupants before and during their egress. There should also be a FRR of 30 minutes in the corridors and stairs, if egress distance is in excess of the building code’s prescriptive requirements. 3. The final level of protection is the fire brigade. In a nonsprinkler protected building the levels of protection are 2 and 3, as listed above, however the following other fire safety measures will be introduced to increase the level of protection: 1. The FRR will be increased to at least 60 minutes. This will ensure the fire does not spread further than the apartment of origin. 2. Selfclosers a。