计算机专业毕业外文翻译--internet的历史(编辑修改稿)

计算机专业毕业外文翻译--internet的历史(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

access. The Inter has truly bee a way of life in our time and era, and is evolving so quickly its hard to determine where it will go next, as puter and work technology improve every day. HOW IT WORKS: It39。 s a standard thing. People using the Inter. Shopping, playing games,conversing in virtual Inter environments. The Inter is not a 39。 thing39。 itself. The Inter cannot just crash. It functions the same way as the telephone system, only there is no Inter pany that runs the Inter. 6 The Inter is a collection of millioins of puters that are all connected to each other, or have the means to connect to each other. The Inter is just like an office work, only it has millions of puters connected to it. The main thing about how the Inter works is munication. How does a puter in Houston know how to access data on a puter in Tokyo to view a webpage? Inter munication, munication among puters connected to the Inter, is based on a language. This language is called TCP/IP. TCP/IP establishes a language for a puter to access and transmit data over the Inter system. But TCP/IP assumes that there is a physical connecetion between one puter and another. This is not usually the case. There would have to be a work wire that went to every puter connected to the Inter, but that would make the Inter impossible to access. The physical connection that is requireed is established by way of modems,phonelines, and other modem cable connections (like cable modems or DSL). Modems on puters read and transmit data over established lines,which could be phonelines or data lines. The actual hard core connections are established among puters called routers. A router is a puter that serves as a traffic controller for information. To explain this better, let39。 s look at how a standard puter might view a webpage. 1. The user39。 s puter dials into an Inter Service Provider (ISP). The ISP might in turn be connected to another ISP, or a straight connection into the Inter backbone. 2. The user launches a web browser like Netscape or Inter Explorer and types in an inter location to go to. 3. Here39。 s where the tricky part es in. First, the puter sends data about it39。 s data request to a router. A router is a very high speed powerful puter running special software. The collection of routers in the world make what is called a backbone, on which all the data on the Inter is transferred. The backbone presently operates at a speed of several gigabytes persecond. Such a speed pared to a normal modem is like paring the heat of the sun to the heat of an icecube. Routers handle data that is going back and forth. A router puts small chunks of data into packages called packets, which function similarly to envelopes. So, when the request for the webpage goes through, it uses TCP/IP protocols to tell the router what to do with the data, where it39。 s going, and overall where the user wants to go. 4. The router sends these packets to other routers, eventually leading to the target puter. It39。 s like whisper down the lane (only the information remains intact). 5. When the information reaches the target web server, the webserver then begins to send the web page back. A webserver is the puter where the webpage is stored that is running a program that handles requests for the webpage and sends the webpage to whoever wants to see it. 6. The webpage is put in packets, sent through routers, and arrive at the users puter where the user can view the webpage once it is assembled. The packets which contain the data also contain special information that lets routers and other puters know how to reassemble the data in the right order. With millions of web pages, and millions of users, using the Inter is not always easy for a beginning user, especially for someone who is not entirely fortale with 7 using puters. Below you can find tips tricks and help on how to use main services of the Inter. Before you access webpages。