土木

约束各项费用开支，预防偏差和浪费的发生：另一方面，研究项目施 T 过程中，可 能出现的影响成本目标实现的重大干扰情况，采取预防措施，以避免干扰的发生或减轻干扰对成本的影响程度。 如季节性施丁、地质条件、城市施工的地下管线等等。 这种情况如不事先采取预防措施。 一旦出现，对成本的影响就会很大。 在制订项目成本控制丁作制度、制订降低工程成本控制措施之前，还应做好许多密切相关的 1：作。

02 = + = My= (g+q/2)l02+ (q/2)l02 = + = ()vxm = xm + ym =+= ()vym = ym + xm =+= 支座弯矩： Mx’= (g+q)l02= = My’= (g+q)l02= = （ 4）配筋计算 板配筋计算： h=100mm， b=1000mm，短边方向跨中受力钢筋 h0=75mm，长边方向受力钢筋 h0=65mm，混凝土等级为

ion per Figure 1/2 minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip angle spaced at 6’ . with 8 8 screws 1/2 minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip angle spaced at 4’ . with 8 8 screws 1/2 minimum diameter

基础上，在戴安娜模型可用，是由 Thorenfeldt[25]等人。 混凝土拉刚认为，和应力应变曲线的下降部分使用功能的基础上软化模型 Ⅰ 型断裂能源 Hordijk [26]提出。 墙上的钢条被建模为涂加固钢筋和混凝土之间的完美结合承担。 这是剪力墙建模自粘结滑移的影响合理的假设是小于梁柱接头区具有重要意义。 在钢 铁材料的响应是仿照使用的 ％的假设初始刚度比米塞斯各向同性硬化塑性模型。

n of the slope stability problem addressed in this paper achievable and some of these assumptions would lead to restrictions in terms of applications ( pressure on retaining walls). However,

ive collapse analysis methods be reliable． For engineers， their methodology to carry out progressive collapse uation need not only to be accurate and concise， but also be easily used and works fast．

ughout the structure. Problems of materials. Each of the two basic dam materials, concrete and earth or rock fill, has a weakness that must be overe by the proper design of the dam. Weaknesses of

requires the construction units should have a strong excavation, transport and slag out and 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文） 外文文献及译文 6 support capability, Maojingba VI : Class V rock used in the fullface excavation

ibed above and the viscoplastic material model considering damage [1] implemented recently by J. Aktaa. Thereby, the following load case has been used: Tcc = 600 (873K)。 the plasma heating 750 kW/m2

oil amount. The onthespot construction technological requirement is replied and pigeonholes the temperature after finishing to control above 130 degrees, press and adopt the large tonnage tire road