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was taken as rad per Note 3 in [6], Table . Shear hinge load load–deformation model points C, D and E are based on Table [6], Link Beam, Item a. A strain hardening slope between points B and C of 3%

points C, D and E are based on Table from [6] for △y was taken as rad per Note 3 in [6], Table . Shear hinge load load–deformation model points C, D and E are based on Table [6], Link Beam, Item a. A

according to the data observed at the scene and provide a suitable boundary value based on the position of the permafrost base and the geothermal gradient of the thaw rock materials beneath the

ement, such as geometrical width, depth, area of reinforcement, steel strain, concrete strain, steel stress, and so on. Consequently, trial and adjustment is necessary in the choice of concrete

this suggests that creative integration of structural (and mechanical and electrical) design with the total architectural design concept can result in either a reduction in purely construction design

d higher. However, except for possible aesthetic considerations, belt trusses interfere with nearly every building function associated with the outside wall。 the trusses are placed often at

f the papers have been selected for the special following a short presetation of the proposed papers is given. C. A. Anagnostopoulos ,A. C. Anagnostopoulos:the usual problems encountered during

these individual tubes terminate at different heights of the building, demonstrating the unlimited architectural possibilities of this latest structural concept. The Sears tower, at a height of 1450

and splitting tensile strength of the S220 steel rebars are reducing with the increase of temperatures over 800176。 C. A similar behavior can be seen from the test results of S420ribbed steel rebars

ng capacity of pavement, extend service life, or thinning the thickness of pavement to reduce the project cost. d. Highperformance durability of concrete pavement Highperformance concrete pavement