土木工程

ions are: (a) Characteristic dead load, kG : the weight of the structure plete with finishes, fixtures and fixed partitions (BS 4648 ) (b) Characteristic imposed load, kQ (BS6399， Parts1and 53 ) (c)

对于柱桩，要求在射水或射风前，沉渣厚度不大于 5cm。 清孔方法是使用的钻 机不同而灵活应用。 通常可采用正循环旋转钻机、反循环旋转机真空吸泥机以及抽渣筒等清孔。 其中用吸泥机清孔，所需设备不多，操作方便，清孔也较彻底，但在不稳定土层中应慎重使用。 其原理就是用压缩机产生的高压空气吹入吸泥机管道内将泥渣吹出。 (7)灌注水下混凝土 清完孔之后，就可将预制的钢筋笼垂直吊放到孔内，定位后要加以固定

lement, such as geometrical width, depth, area of reinforcement, steel strain, concrete strain, steel stress, and so on. Consequently, trial and adjustment is necessary in the choice of concrete

onstruction material or prop up mould stand , rest on it, that brought the castinplace board is not intensity like this, but more cracks. So, must make sure that just allow to trample or install

r several kinds of main reasons produced. The kind of the concrete bridge crack, on its reason to produce, can roughly divide several kinds as follows : First, load the crack caused Concrete in

ptimum MC)  Remoulded undrained shear strength A number of key factors should be borne in mind when scheduling laboratory testing:  Compaction / CBR / MCV tests are carried out on 20mm size

c effects of high land prices are of great interest in the study of the potential uses of underground space. When surface space is fully utilized, underground space bees one of the few development

f quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. Detection of emerging industries from the beginning of development today, we are faced with difficulties and

rgy technology, and design theory of progress are provided for the Civil Engineering Materials and technical assurance. Thus this period has been rapid development of civil engineering. Emerged

. However for several of the confined specimens, a second mode of failure also occurred with diagonal (shear like) cracks appearing in the side walls, Fig. 7. The appearance of these cracks did not